Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/14

MORGENSTERN. trian Alps. I'rom a later period date the moonlight and storm scenes which constitute the most admired portion of his work, repre- sentative examples of which are a "Mill in Sainte Marie Valley, Alsace" (1836, Hamburg Gallery) ; "April DaV on Lake Starnbergr" (1853. Leipzig Museum) : "Storm at Sea" (1839) and "Alsatian Landscape" (both in New Pinakothek, Munich ) . MORGENSTERN, Li.XA (Bauer) (1830— ). A Ciriiian jiliilantliropist and author, born in Breslau. In 1854 she removed to Berlin, where she became prominent as a reformer. She was interested in the formation of 'people's kitchens.' of technical and domestic schools for women, and of schools for the reform of way- ward young girls. She edited Deutsche Hatis- frnueiKritunq (1874 sqq.) and Fiir junge Mid- chen (1888-94), and wTote Friedrich Frbbel (1882), Die Frauen dcs neunzehnten Jahr- humlrrts (1888), and Frauenarbeit in Deutsch- land (1803). MORGES, morzh. A town in the Canton of Vaud. Switzerland, about six miles west of Lau- sanne, on Lake Geneva and on a branch of the .lura-Simplon railway (Map: Switzerland, A 2). There are Reformed and Catholic churches, a college with a Realsehule, a casino with a library and a museum of natural history, and a high school for girls. The town contains an old chateau (twelfth century), once the seat of the Bernese governors and now used as an arsenal, and nearby is the chateau of Vufflens, said to have lieen erected by Queen Bertha of Swabia. Popula- tion, in lOOO" 4438, of whom about .500 were r.oiiian Catholics. MORGHEN, mor'g^n, Raffaello ( 1758- 1833). An Italian line engraver. He was born at Florence, .Time 19, 1758. the son and pupil of Filippo Morghen, and was also instructed by his uncle. Giovanni Elia Morghen. When twelve years old he engraved a good plate after the ■•Prophets" of Bandindli. and at twenty he showed remarkable proficiency. He studied at Koine under Volpato. whose daughter he mar- rieil in 1781. In the same year he engraved Raphael's "Poetry" and "Theology." then worked in conjunction with his father-in-law. assisting him in his "Parnassus." after Raphael. He was appointed professor at the Academy in Florence in 1793. became a member of the French Insti- tute in 1803. and visited Paris in 1812. at the invitation of Napoleon, who conferred many honors upon him. His best known works in- clude the "Aurora." after Guido Reni: the "Mass of Bolsenn," "Mailonna della Sedia." and "Trans- figirntion." after Raphael: "Diana Hunting." after Dnmenicliinn; the "Madonna del Sacco." after . drea del Sarto; the "Dance of the Sea- sons," after Poussin: and the "Last Supi>er," after Leonardo, generally considered bis master- (>iece. Of high fini-h and special interest are also lis portraits of Dante. Petrarch, Boccaccio, Ari- osto, Tasso. Alfieri. Raphael, etc. He died in Flor- ence. April 8. 1833. His life and nil his works, coniprising 252 plates, have been fully described by his pipil Palmerini. in Cnlaloqn drllc opcrc d'inltifiUii di Unffarllo Morfihrn (Florence. 1824) . MOR'OIA'NA. A female slave. l)elonging to Cas-iiis anil tliin to his brother, in "Ali Bnbn anil the Forty Thieves," a story in the Arahinn 2 MORI. Xiffhts Enteriainmotts. She outwitted the thieves in their attempts to find the discoverer of their cave first by duplicating their mark on All's house, then by scalding the Forty with hot oil in the jars in which they were smuggled into the house; and at last, when the captain, dis- guised as a merchant, dined with Ali, she first danced for him and then stabbed him with his own dagger. Ali freed her and married her to his son. MORGUE ( Fr., originally the inner wicket of a prison, where prisoners were kept for some time, that tlie jailers and turnkeys might view them at their leisure, so as to he able to recog- nize them when occasion required, from morguer, to look at solemnly or sourly, to defy). The name of a certain building in Paris, situated on the Quai dii Manhe neuf, where the dead bodies of persons unknown, found either in the river (Seine) or in the streets, are exposed to public view for three days. The corpses are put under a glass case, on a sloping slab of black marble. The clothes are hung on the wall above. When a corpse is recognized it is handed over to the relatives or friends of the deceased, on payment of costs and dues — otherwise it is interred at the expense of the city. The number of bodies yearly exposed in the Morgue is about 300, of which five-sixths are those of males. Morgues have been established in Berlin and in the principal American cities; in New York in 1800. in Boston in 1851. in Brooklyn in 1870, in Chicago in 1872. in Saint Louis in 1874. MORHOF, mnr'huf. Daniel Georg (1039-91). A German literary historian, born at Wismar. He studied law and the humanities at Rostock, where in ItiOO he became jirofessor of poetry. In 1665 he was called to the chair of oratory and poetry at Kiel and in 1073 became also professor of history and in 1080 librarian. His Opera Poctica (1077) and Orulsche Gedichte (1682) are valueless, but his two prose works, Unterricht von der Dcutschen tSpriichc und Pocsie (1682) and Poli/histor ( 1088) are of considerable inter- est in the history of literature. The former con- tains perhaps the first historical treatment of German grammar and a review of what was then modern Furopean literature. The Poll/- hinlor, which deals with general literature and is encyclopa'dic in scope, marks the first sys- tematic study in Germany of the history of literature. MORI, nio'n'-. The name of the Lords of Choshu in .lapan. The chief of the clan was foremost in the anti-foreign agitation which sought to close .Japan again to the world (1858- 07), after the demand for admission made by Commodore Perry, and in ISO.'! became known through his action in firing upon Dutch and .merican merchantmen passing through the Straits of Shimonoseki. Tn conse- quence, a squadrim was formed and the town of Shimonoseki was bnmbarded. This helped to convince the .Japanese that resistance was impossible and that the ancient policy of seclusion must be reversed. Mori continued the agitation, however, directing it against the Government of the Shogiin. and was one of the chief fiu'tors in the restoration <}f the Fmperor to supreme power. Since the revolution of 1808. the clansmen of Choshu have been highly influential in the Government, and as active in