Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/15

HOBI. MOBIKE. the adoption of Western civilization as they had been previously in opposition to its introduction. MORI, mcVre, Arinori (1848-89). A native of Satsunui, .Japan, and one of the group of young samurai who were prominent in advocating' the thorough modernization of the Empire after the restoration of the Emperor. Educated in Eng- land, he adopted modern manners in life and thought, and broke completely with the past. He held various high positions in the diplomatic and civil services, and became finally Minister of Education. He was raised to the peerage in 1889, with the title viscount. When the Constitution of .Japan was promulgated, giving the Empire its place among progressive peoples, he «as assassinated in his own house by a Shinto fanatic, who charged him with violating the sanctity of the shrine in Ise by lifting the curtain before the holy place with his cane. MOBI'AH. The name of the land whither Abraham was commanded to go to sacrifice his son Isaac upon a mountain, according to Gen. xxii. 2, and of the mountain upon wJiich Solomon built the temple, acording to II. Chron. iii. 1. It is possible that the chronicler understood the passage in Genesis as affirming that Abra- ham's sacrifice was made in Jerusalem. He no doubt found 'the mountain of Jloriah' as a designation of Zion, and it may already in his time have been popularly interpreted to mean 'the mountain of vision,' as it was by the Samaritan translator, Symmachus, and by Jerome. Originally it may have been pronounced moreh Yah and signified 'Yahweh is an oraele- giver,' or 'the Moriah' may have meant 'the oracle.' How old this name of the temple-moun- tain is cannot be determined. The Elohist in Gen. xxii. 2 refers to one of the mountains 'in the land of Moriah.' This particular shrine is called Yahweh yireh, 'Yahweh sees,' or Yahtceh yereh, 'Yahweh gives oracles.' Bacon and Chcyne look for this sanctuary in the Negeb or Southern Palestine, and Gunkel thinks that it is identical with the Jeruel near Tekoa mentioned in II, Chron. xx. 16, though he admits that the distance from Beersheba does not preclude the identification with .Jerusalem, and regards Ariel, a name of .Jerusalem, as a corruption of Jeruel. It is possible that Ynhwch yereh is an explanation of the meaning of Moriah. or that 'the Moriah,' 'the oracle,' is an appellative desig- nation of a sanctuary also known liy the kindred name Jeruel. But it is not certain that 'the land of iloriah' in Gen. xxii. 2 has anj'thing to do with this sacred place. The Syriae version suggests that the original reading was 'the land of the Amorites.' 'Aniorites' is the name of the pre-Israelitish inhabitants of Palestine used by the Elohist. It corresponded to the Assyrian Annirru or iMartu, and the dropping of the prosthetic aleph can be easily accounted ■ for. This explanation has the advantage of being based on very excellent ancient testimony to the pre-Massoretic text. Wellhausen thinks of 'the Hamorites' who lived in Shechem, in the neigh- borhood of which there was an elon moreh or 'sacred tree of the oracle-giver.' It is indeed doubtful whether the Ephraimitish writer would have made .Jerusalem the great sanctuary where animal offerings were substituted for himian sacrifices, and the change to 'Hamorite.s' is not necessary, since Shechem certainly was in the land of the Amorites. From the Jerahmeel- ite Xegeb Shechem might be reached on the third daj', though not so easily as Jerusalem. The question of the site of the sacred mountain must therefore be left open. Consult: Dillmann, Die Genesis (Gth ed., Leipzig, 1892) ; Gunkel, Genesis (Gottingen, 1901); Cheyne, article "Moriah," in Encyclopwdia Biblica, vol. iii. (London, 1902). MORIER, mO'rl-er, .James Justinian (e.l780- 184'.i). A British diplomat, author, and trav- eler, born at Smyrna. He was educated at Har- row, and in 1807 became private secretary in Sir Harford .Jones's mission to the Persian Court. On May 7, 1809, three months after his arrival at Teheran, he was sent home with dispatches and performed the famous journey of which he afterwards published an account under the title .-l Journey Through Feisia, Armenia, and Asia Minor to Constantinople in the Years 180S and ISOU (1812), This book enjoyed a great vogue in Great Britain, and was translated into French (1813) and German (1815), In 1810 he went back to Teheran as Secretary of Legation under Sir Gore Ouseley, and after the latter's return to England in 1814 !Morier acted for a time as British rep- resentative at the Court of Persia. He was recalled in 1815. In 1817 he was pensioned by the Government, and devoted most of his tinie thenceforth to literature, in which pursuit he attained such success that Sir Walter Scott styled him the best novelist of the day. His best works are: The Adventures of Hajji Baba of Ispahan (1824) ; Zohrab the Hostage (1832) ; and Aycslia, the ilaid of Ears (1834). MORIER, Sir Robert Burnett David ( 1826- 93). An English diplomatist, born in Paris (where his father was consul-general), and edu- cated at Balliol College, Oxford. After holding several other diplomatic offices, he was appointed charge d'affaires at Stuttgart in 1871, and at Munich in 1872, whence he was transferred to Lisbon as English Minister (1876), When Morier was Ambassador to Saint Petersburg( 1884-91 1 he and Bismarck were bitter enemies, and in 1888 Count Herbert Bismarck charged !JIorier with furnishing information to Bazaine at the out- break of the Franco-Prussian War. Time showed that Morier had been innocent, and that French spies had gained the information in question. In 1891 he was transferred to Rome, but was forced by urgent business to remain in Russia. MORIKE, nie'rl-ke, Eduard (1804-75). A German poet. He was born at Ludwigsburg, and studied theology at Tubingen, where from 1826 to 1843 he served as a clerg;s'man. From 1851 to 1806 he was professor of German literature in a seminary at Stuttgart. One of the most pronii- nient members of the Swabian school, he first appeared in 1832 with the fantastic tale ilaler IS'olten (revised in 1872, third edition 1890), which revealed his imaginative jiower. His col- lected Gedichtc (1838, eleventli edition 1894) are marked not only by the idyllic cast common to the Swabian group, but by a delicate humor and a classical severity of form peculiarly their own. The exquisitely wrought novelette Mozart auf der Reise nach Prag (1850) has frequently been accounted his finest achieve- ment. His further work includes the [dylle vom Bodensee (1846) and the caprice Das Stutt-