ial Philology (1812); and contributed to the Edinburgh Review;. After his death appeared his chief work, History of the European Languages, with a memoir and the fragment of an autobiography (2 vols., Edinburgh, 1823).
MURRAY, Alexander Stuart (1841-1904). A distinguished English archæologist, born near Arbroath. He was educated at the University of Edinburgh and in Berlin. In 1867 he was appointed assistant in the department of Greek and Roman antiquities of the British Museum, and in 1886 keeper of the same. He published a History of Greek Sculpture (London. 1890); Handbook of Greek Archæology (London, 1892); Designs from Greek Vases (London, 1894); Terra-Cotta Sarcophagi (London, 1898); and edited many official publications of the British Museum.
MURRAY, David (1830— ). An American educator. He was born at Bovina, Delaware County, N. Y., where his parents had immigrated from Scotland in 1816. He graduated from Union College in 1852. The following year he became assistant in the Albany Academy, and in 1857 was advanced to the principalship. In 1863 he accepted the chair of mathematics and physics in Rutgers College. Having assisted the Japanese Embassy in 1872 in their labor of investigating the educational systems of this and other countries and preparing statistics thereon, he was invited by Japan to assume the supervision of its educational affairs. He removed to that country and was occupied for six years in these duties. At the time of his return to America in 1879 he was decorated by the Emperor with the Order of the Rising Sun. In 1880 he became secretary of the Regents of the University of the State of New York, and held this post nine years. He has published several addresses, and is the author of Manual of Land Surveying (1872); an introductory chapter to Outlines of the History of Japanese Education (1876); The Story of Japan (1894); History of Education in New Jersey (1899).
MURRAY, David Christie (1847— ). An English novelist, born at West Bromwich, in Staffordshire, April 13, 1847. He was educated at a private school. He began his career as a reporter on the Birmingham Morning News, and in 1873 went to London, where he joined the staffs of the Daily News and the World. In 1879 he published in Chambers's Journal his first long novel, A Life of Atonement. Other books, are: Joseph's Coat (1881); Val Strange (1882); Time's Revenge (1893); In Direst Peril (1894); A Rogue's Conscience (1890): Tales in Prose and Verse (1898); A Race for Millions (1898); many other novels; and the interesting essay, My Contemporaries in Fiction (1897).
MURRAY, Lord George (c.1700-60). A Scottish Jacobite general, son of the first Duke of Athol. His father was loyal to the House of Hanover, but Lord George followed his elder brother, the Marquis of Tullibardine, into the Jacobite uprising of 1715, commanded a battalion at Sheriffmuir, and made his escape to France the following year. He was living in Scotland at the time of the rebellion of 1745, and was the most capable of Prince Charles's generals. To Lord George Murray's personal bravery, sound judgment, and skill in handling undisciplined troops must be attributed the chief credit for the Jacobite victories at Prestonpans and Falkirk, as well as for the Highlanders' safe retreat from England after the raid to Derby. Murray escaped to the Continent when the cause was lost and died in Holland.
MURRAY, George Henry (1861— ). A Canadian statesman of Scottish parentage, born at Grand Narrows, Nova Scotia. He began his education in his native place, finished it at Boston University, was called to the bar in 1883 and practiced his profession at North Sydney, N. S. He was elected to the local House in 1889, and after being a member of the Nova Scotia Cabinet (1891) he became Premier and Secretary for his native province (1896). In 1897 he was sent to the Dominion Parliament as Liberal member for Victoria County.
MURRAY, Grenville (1824-81). An English journalist, the illegitimate son of Richard Grenville, second Duke of Buckingham. After studying at Magdalen College, Oxford, and at the Inner Temple, he entered the diplomatic service, and held various posts at Vienna, Hanover, Constantinople, and Odessa. Returning to England in 1868, he founded The Queen's Messenger (1869), the first of the English satirical society papers. Driven from England, he settled in Paris, where he figured as the Comte de Rethel d'Aragon, borrowing the title of his Spanish wife. He was one of the pioneers in the gossip and scandal of modern journalism. Among his separate publications are: The Roving Englishman (1854); Round About France (1878); and Side Lights on English Society (1881), containing a mock dedication to the Queen.
MURRAY, Hugh (1779-1846). A Scottish geographer, born at North Berwick. After 1816, when he became a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, he applied himself to the study of geography. He was chiefly noted for his share in the Encyclopædia of Geography (1834). He also compiled historical or geographical works upon The Southern Seas (1826); Polar Seas (1830); Africa (1830); British India (1832); China (1836); British America (1839); and The United States (1844).
MURRAY, James (c.1725-94). A Scotch soldier, and the first British Governor of Canada. He was the fifth son of Alexander, fourth Lord Elibank, and entered the army about 1740. In 1757 he was sent with his regiment to America, where he commanded a brigade in the siege of Louisburg in 1758, and led the left wing of Wolfe's army in the battle on the Heights of Abraham, September 13, 1759. The next year he successfully defended Quebec against an attack by a superior French force under De Lévis, and later in the same year assisted General Amherst in reducing Montreal. He was appointed Governor of Quebec in October, 1760, and of all Canada in 1763, and continued in that position until 1766. He became Governor of Minorca in 1774, was besieged in Fort Saint Philip in 1781 by the French and Spanish under the Duc de Crillon, and after a desperate defense was forced in 1782 to capitulate. Upon his return to England he was tried by a court-martial, but was acquitted. He became a full general in 1783, and died near Battle, in Sussex. For an account of his career in America, consult Parkman's Montcalm and Wolfe (Boston. 1884; new ed. 1898).
