MORLAND. stables, inn-yanls, pastoral scenes, and domestic animals, especially pigs. Altogether he painted 4000 pictures, 250 of which were engraved. He died in a sponging-house in Holborn, October 27, 1804. His epitaph on himself was, "Here lies a drunken dog." He was generous, good-natured, and industrious despite his faults. After a jx^riod of neglect Morland is now ranked among the best masters of genre and ani- mals, not far below the Dutch artists on whom he modeled his style. He was a fine bnisliman; his color is rich, "and his treatment, if light, is skillful. His representation is realistic and true to life. In the South Kensington Museum are fix of his paintings, the best known of which is "The Reckoning." The !Museum of Glasgow contains a "River Scene" and three seacoast landscapes. In the Xew York Historical Society are his "Old English Sportsman" and "Dogs yighting:" in the .Metmpolitan Museum, "Mid- day Meal" and "Weary Wayfarers." His auto- portrait is in the National Portrait Oallery, London. Consult : His Life, by George Dawe (London, 1807) ; his Memoirs, by Blogdon and Hassel (ib., ISffi) : William Collins, Memoirs of a Picture (London, 1803). MORLAND, Sir Samuel (162.5-05). An Engli:-h diplomat and inventor. He was bom in Sulhampstead. Berkshire, and studied at Winchester School and at Magdalene College, Cambridge. His first mission of importance was to the Duke of Savoy in l(i55. to protest against the massacre of the Waldensians. ^Morland brought back with him materials, mostly clumsy forgeries, for a liistory of this sect, which he published in 105S. .After the Restoration Jlor- land received the title of baronet and many empty promises from the King. He devoted him- self more and more to the study of matlicniatics and mechanics, and invented a speaking trumpet and some calculating machines. But his more important work was in hydrostatics, and espe- cially in devising a steam pump. MORXEY. A municipal borough in the West Riding of Yorkshire. England, four miles south-southwest of I^eds (Map: England. E .3). The new town-hall is a handsome building, and the municipality owns its waterworks, gas and electric lighting plants, maintains pulilio baths, parks, and recreation grounds. It has impor- tant manufiieturcs of woolens and mill macliin- ery. There are coal mines and stone ipiarries. Morley is mentioned in Domesdni/, and in a tax list of Richard 11. It was incorporated in 188.x Population, in 1801. 21.000: in 1901, 23,H00. Consult Smith, Morlei/, Ancient and Modern (London, 1H8G). MORLEY, Edw.kd Williams (18.38—). An Ameri<an chemist, born at Newark. N. -T. He graduated from Williams College in 1800. and in 180!! became professor of chemistry at West- em Reserve College (afterwards .-Vilelbert Col- lege). With (his post he also held (1873-88) a chair of chemistry at the Cleveland Medical College. He was associated with A. . Michel- son in researches on the relative motion of ether and matter, and also in the determination of the meter in terms of the wave length of light. He was president of the .meriean .Association for the .Advancement of Science (1805) and of the American Chemical .Society (1809). and was elected a member of the National Academy of
- MORLEY.
Sciences and associate of the American Academy of Science. In the proceedings of the latter academy for 1880 he first described his valuable apparatus for gas analysis; he also wrote Atomio ^■ilJllt of Oxygen (1895). MORLEY, Henby (1822-94). An English author, born in London, September 15, 1822. He was educated at a iloravian school at Neu- wied on the Rhine, and at King's College. London (1838-43); practiced medicine at Madeley. in Shi-opshire (1844-48); and, liaving been fleeced by a colleague, he started a school on Moravian methods at Jlanehester, but after two years he started it afresh at Liverpool. A series of ironi- cal essays entitled How to Make Home Un- heallluj attracted the attention of Dickens, and eventually led to Morley's settling in London and taking a hand in Household M ords and All the Year Ix'ouiid (1850-05). He also became con- nected with the Examiner as subeditor and then as editor ( 1850-64). Jleanwliile he was appointed lecturer in English at King's College (1857-65), and then professor of English at Universitv Col- lege, London (1865-8!)). He died May 14," 1894. Chief among Morley's works arc: A Defence of Ignorance (1851). a bit of ironv ; Lives of Pa- lissy the Potter (1852). Jerome "Cardan (1854), and Cornelius Agri])]ia (1856); Memoirs of liartholomew Fair { 1857) : two volumes of fairy tales (1859-60); English Mrilrrs. to Dunba"r (1864-67), rewritten and brought down to the seventeenth century (11 vols., 1887-95) ; A First iihetch of English' Literature (1873; rev. 1886) ; and English Literature in the Reign of Victoria (1881). He also edited a Lihrary of English Literature (5 vols., 1875-81); Universal Library (63 vols.. 1883-88) ; Cassrlfs yational Library (214 vols.. 1886-00); and the Carisbronhe Li- brary, a series of reprints (14 vols., 1889-91). Though Morley was not a critic and editor of the first rank, he had catholic tastes, a talent for finding the best in things, and he performed a most valuable senice in making easily acces- sible the treasures of English literature. MORLEY, Joii. (I8.3S— ). An English statesman :uid author, born at Blackburn, in Lancashire, December 24. 1838. Having taken his degree at Lincoln College. Oxford (1859), he went to T-ondon to engage in literature. He soon became editor of the Literary Gazette, at that time in such a state of decrepitude that Morlcy. with all his cnergj' and talent, could not quicken it to new life. His writings soon showed the influence of Atiguste Comte, and he became known as an agnostic philosopher. From 1808 to 1870 he edited for a little while the daily Morning Star. In 1867 he succeeded Lewes as editor of the Fortnightly Iterirw. which he conducted brilliantly till 1883, becoming, in that year, editor of Mnemillnn's Magazine. Under his guidance the Macmillans have issued since 1878 the "English Jlen of Let- ters Series," to which Morley contributed a short but excellent Life of Edmund Burke (1879). His Burke, an historical study, appeared in 1867. In 1880 he began ably to edit the Pnll Mall Gazette: in 1881 he pub- lished his Life of f'ohden ; and in 1883. after two failures, he was at a by-election returned to Parliament for Neweastle-upon-Tvne. He soon became prominent, and in 1886 he was made Secretary for Ireland under Gladstone,
