Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/19

MORLEY. MORMONS. thus getting an insight into Gladstonian politics and character to be shown later in liis l.'ife of Lltadstone (1903). Jlorley .sympathized with the Irisli Nationalists, Ijul, unlike Gladstone, he was unhampered by pledges and opinions. On the defeat of the Gladstonians in ISSO lie was half in politics, half in letters, till Gladstone"* return to power restored him to his former otHce. Morley's anti-imperialistic views helped to lose him his seat in 1805, but he was soon re- elected from the Montrose Burghs, Scotland. In 180S and afterwards he upheld the Boers. Besides the books already mentioned, JMorley is the author of monographs on Voltaire (1872), h'ousscau (1873), one of the most sympathetic biographies ever written. Diilcrot and the En- ci/cloixrdisls (1878), and Wiilpolc (1889). In Croiiucrll (1900) he added something to histori- cal knowledge, though his work is mainly a re- vision of Gardiner. In 1902 Andrew Carnegie presented to him the rich historical collection of Lord Acton, recently deceased, and Jlorley in turn presented it to Oxford University. MORLEY, Mr.s. The name adopted by Queen Anne in her correspondence with the Duchess of Marlborough. See Freeman, Mrs. MORLEY, Thomas ( 1557-C.1604) . An Eng- lish nuisician and composer. The place of his birth cannot be definitely fixed, but it is supposed that he was born in London and educated at Saint Paul's Cathedral. According to his own statement he also studied under Bird. In 1.588 he became bachelor of music at Oxford and in 1591 was deputy chorister at Saint Paul's, taking his regular turn of duty as organist. In 1592 he was made epistler of the Chapel Royal. He strove hard during his entire career for the ad- vancement of English music, and devoted himself exclusively to the development of vocal music. His principal work and that ujion which his reputation is chietl)' based was .-1 Plaine and Ea.iie Introduction to Prncticall Mnsicle, pub- lished in 1597. It was the first practical work on music issued in England ; was translated into German and published throughout the Ger- man States by Trost of Halberstadt about 1G60. In England it remained an authority up to so late a period as 1770. He wrote many composi- tions for the Church, none of them, however, be- ing printed in his lifetime. Tallis's monopoly of music-printing expired in 1596 and two years later Morley obtained a similar one. and under his license "William Barley, Thomas Est. alina Snodham, Peter Short, .Tolm Windet, and others," printed several books as the "assigiie of Thomas Morley." He resigned from the Chapel Royal in 1602. That he was an excellent musician his ballets and madrigals prove. He was also su- perior in melodic invention to any of his pred- ecessors, and is generally credited with having disentangled music from the fettered condition in which he found it. and to have broken away from the slavish adherence to the 'Modes' which had characterized other composers. From his time forward composers designedly wrote melo- dies meant to express the emotional content of the text. MOR'MOLUCOI'DES(Xeo-Lat. nom. pi., from nior»ioJi(cn, glowworm, from Gk. itopfio?{'Keiov. mor- mol/ikeion. fiopfio2i'Hior, mormohjkioti. hobgoblin, from liopfioM'TTeaflai , morntoliitteafh-ai. to frighten, from liopiiC), mormO, bugbear + eidof, f jrfo.s, form ) . The oldest known fossil insect larva, found in the shale of the Newark formation of the .lura-Trias- sic system in New Jersey, Connecticut, and Massa- chusetts. In general appearance it resembles the larva of the modern firelly, though it is consider- alily larger, being quite three-quarters of an inch in length. It is considered to be the young of a neuropteran insect allied to the modern dobsona [Sialidw) . MORMON CRICKET. Either of the wing- less migratory crickets, Anahrus simplex and Anabrtis purpuresccns. These are large, pecu- liarly shaped crickets, which occasionally mul- tiply so greatly in their native home in the foot- hills of the Rocky Mountains that they migrate to the plains below, and destroy all cultivated crops. As they are wingless, they move but slow- ly, and may often be checked by ditches. A plowed field in their course forms a difficult barrier, and an approaching army may be de- stroyed by means of heavy rollers. They are pugnacious and will fight among themselves, and are to a certain extent carnivorous, devouring their injured comrades. For many years they have been especially abundant and injurious in portions of Jlontana and Idaho. MORMONS, or more properly The Chubch OF Je.sus Christ of Latter-day Saints. A religious sect of the United States. The early historj- of the Mormons is that of their founder, Joseph Smith, .Jr.. who was born at Sharon, Windsor County, Vt., December 23, 1805. Ac- cording to contemporary anti-Mormon descrip- tions, or to the suppressed accounts of early Mormon apologists, Joseph's paternal grand- father was a man of distorted religious views; his maternal grandfather, Solomon Mack, was an infirm beggar, and superstitious to a high de- gree. Joseph's mother believed in cures by faith and in dreams as heavenly admonitions. The Prophet's father, after failing as a farmer, a storekeeper, and a root-digger in 'Vermont and New Hampshire, took up a land claim in Ontario County, N. Y.. in 1815. Like his son. he was a confessed believer in witchcraft and demon posses- sion. In his autobiography Smith called these the reports of evil-disposed and designing persons; by the later church historians they are either palliated or deprived of significance: however, to the student of heredity these details of Smith's ancestry are considered essential to a patho- logical estimate of his character. The Mormons quote, only to refute, the hostile statements that Smith was a visionary, a fanatic, an impostor, and a libertine; instead, they esteem him a [irophet, a seer, a vicegerent of God, and a martyr [Times and tirasons, v. 856). They grant that .Joseph's education was defective and that as a boy he could hardly write his name. He himself asserted that he was 'a rough stone' and desired 'the learning of heaven alone.' His mother said of him that in his nineteenth year he had never read the Bible through. The "conversion" of Joseph took place in 1820 near Palmyra. It was a time of great local ex- citement on the subject of religion. .Joseph had retired to a solitary place and knelt in prayer to God. He fell into a trance, and was seized with a feeling of great depression and terror. "Just at this moment of great alarm," he con- tinues in his description of the event, "I saw a pillar of light exactly over my head, above the