NAUGATUCK. 289 NAUPLIA. 17 miles northwest of New Haven; on the Nauga- tuck River, and on the Naugatuck Division of the New York, New Haven and Hartford Rail- load (Map: Connecticut, C 4). It has the Whitteniore Memorial Library, Salem School, Whittemure High School, and notewortliy busi- ness blocks, and is engaged extensively in manu- facturing india-rubber goods, knit underwear, malleable iron, and paper boxes. Naugatuck was first incorporated in 1844 as a town, and in 1893 as a borough; consolidation was effected in 1895. The government, under the charters of 1893 and 1895, is administered by a board of warden and burgesses, annuallj- elected, which has powers of appointment in all borough offices excepting the board of etlucation, chosen bv popular vote. Pop- ulation, in 1890, 6218; in 1900, 10,541. NAUHEIM, nou'him. A noted watering- place in the Grand Duchy of Hesse, Germany, on the Usa, 17 miles north of Frankfort (Map: ( iermany. C 3 I . The Kurhaus is surrounded by beautiful grounds. The waters, ranging in tem- perature from 86° to 95° F. and containing salt, iron, and carbonic acid, are used for both drink- ing and bathing, and are especially efficacious in eases of intestinal and cutaneous diseases, gout, rheumatism, and heart diseases. Considerable quantities of water and salt are exported. The place is visited annuallv bv about 6000 patients. Population, in 1900, 4505. NAULETTE, no'let'. A cavern on the Lesse in the Commune of Furfobz. near Dinant. Bel- gium. Here, in 1866, Dupont found a human lower jaw" associated with bones of the elephant and rhinoceros. The Naulette man is now as- signed to the Mousterian epoch (q.v. ). Consult Mortillct. Le prchistoriquc (Paris, 1900). NAUMACHIA, na-ma'ki-ii ( Lat., from Gk. vavimxia, naval battle, from vai^. naus. sjiip + ^dxfffSai, machesthai, to fight). Among the Ro- mans, a mock naval b:ittle; also, the place used for this purpose. Julius Caesar was the first to introduce a naumachia into Rome ( B.C. 46) , caus- ing a portion of the Campus ilartius to be trans- formed into a lake, on which the spectacle came off. .uaiistus made an artificial lake (xtapiiion) near the Tiber for the same purpose, which was afterwards frequently used for naumachite. Claudius also gave an exhibition of the kind on Lake Fueinus. in which nineteen thousand com- batants took part. These naumachia" were not sham fights, any more than ordinary gladiatorial combats. Both sides fought in real earnest until one was utterly overpowered. The crews con- sisted of gladiators, prisoners, or condemned criminals. NAUMANN, nou'man, .Toh.?jx FniEnRicir ( 1780-1 S.'iV 1 . .
eminent German ornithologist.
He was born at Ziebigk, worked on a farm with his father, a skilled ornithologist, and became inspector of the ornithological museum of the Duke of Anhalt-Kiithen. He was a clever draughtsman and himself engraved the plates for the illustrations of his Xntiirfirnchichte der Yiigcl DeutftcMnnds (12 vols.. 1822-44), a standard work. Naumann wrote, besides: Tn^ridennir (1815; 2d ed. 1848); Ufber doi nnii.ihnlt drr tiiirdlirhrn fieeviifjel Eiiropax (1824); and, with Buhle, Die Eier der Vhqcl Deiituchlnnds' (1819- 28). In his honor, the German Ornithological Society named its journal Nmimnnnia. NAUMANN. A family of German musicians. •lou.v.N.N Gottlieu (1741-1801), the most impor- tant inember, was born at Blasewitz, near Dres- den. He studied under Tartini, Padre Martini, and others, and became Court composer at Dres- den in 1764. In 1766 he was appointed kapellmeister at Dresden. He produced many operas, and in 1777 organized the royal orchestra of Stockholm, Sweden. He made several tours throughout Italy and Prussia and was regarded as one of the most im- portant composers of his time. He wrote over 20 operas, 10 oratorios, 18 symphonies, and nu- merous smaller works, instrumental and vocal. Consult: ileissner, liruclutilvhc rius Xaumanns Ijebciitijicfichichle (Prague, 1803-04). — His grand- son, E.MIL (1827-88), studied under Von War- tcnsee and ilendelssohn, and at the Leipzig Conservatory. He was chiefly famous for his valuable and scholarly writings, particularly with reference to church music; and was also the composer of an oratorio CJiristiis der Friedens- bote ( 1848) , and the opera J»rfj«/i( 1848) . Among his more important works are Die 'rotik'iinst in der Kultiirgescliiehte (Berlin, 1869-70) and iliisiLdrarna odrr O/jrr ( 1876) . He lectured on musical history at the conservatory at Dresden. — Karl Ernst (1832 — ), another grandson of •Tohann Gottlieb, became favorably known for his writings and compositions. He was bo4'n in Freiberg, Saxony, and received his musical education in Leipzig, completing his musical studies with a two years' period of organ study under Schneider of Dresden. His compositions are principally chamber music, and so far as is known lie may be said to have written the first sonata for viola and pianoforte. NAXJMANN, K.VRI, FRTEmucii (1797-1873). A German mineralogist, born in Dresden. He studied at tlie Freiberg School of Mines, and at the universities of .Tena and Leipzig, and in 1821 made a journey to Norway for scientific purposes. After his return he became an in- structor at .Tena. A year later he was called to Leipzig as professor, and in 1826 he accepted a similar position at Freiberg, but in 1842 he re- turned to Leipzig, where he remained until his retirement, thirty years later. Among his writ- ings are: Aytfanfisqri'inde der Krixtnllngraphie (2d ed. 1854) ; Eleiiiente der theoretischen Kris- tnUoqrdphie (1856); and Elemente der Miner- alogie (12th ed. 1885). NATJMBURG, noum'boorK, or N.rMiiURG-ON'- Tin;-S.ALE, The capital of a circle in the Prov- ince of Saxony, Prvissia, situated on the Saale, 30 miles southwest of Leipzig (Map: Prussia, D 3), Its cathedral of Saints Peter and Paul is an interesting biiilding with four towers and many statues, paintings, monuments, and other specimens of earl^' <ierm;in art. There are a g>nn- nasium and a Rcalschilc. The town manufac- tures woolens, soap, leather, combs, and sausages. Glass and porcelain painting is also an important industry. The trade in wine is extensive. In 1029 Naumbnr;; became the seat of the bishopric of NaumburgZeitz. Population, in 1900, 23,187. NATJPLIA, n,T'ple-,a. A towm of Greece, the capital of theNomarchy of Argolis, seven miles southeast of Argos, on the Argolic Giilf (Map: Greece, D 4). It has railroad connection with Corinth. The impregnable situation of its harbor, protected by strong fortresses, renders it of
