Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/334

NAUPLIA. 290 NAUTILUS. great stratc<;ic iinpoitanfe. Tlic I'alaiiiiili. a fortification originally constructed by tl'c lurks anil lalor slrcn^llicnud by the inctians. is at j)rcsc-nt utilized as a prison. Owing to itt ad- vantageous situation and .spacious harbor, Nau- plia is of sonic prominence coniniorcially. From 1824 to 1834 it was the capital of Greece. In mediaeval times Nauplia was one of the leading cities of the IVdoponnesus. Here in 1831 Capo d'Istria, the President of the Uepublic, was as- sassinated. Population of coniinune, in 1889, 10,879. NAUPLIUS (Lat., sort of shell-fish, wliieli sailed in its shell as in a ship, from Gk. laCs »irt«s, ship + r€ti>, plein, to sail). A larval stage in the development of certain crustaceans. See Mct.^moki'iiosis; and Plate of Barnacles. NAU'SEA (Lat., from Gk. raurla, iiausia, seasiekiiess. disgust, nausea, from vaOs. iiaiis, ship). A distressing sensation always referred to the stomach. It is unattended by i)ain, but is usually accompanied by a feeling of general lan- g:!or or debility, a small and often irregular pulse, a pale, cool, and moist skin, general muscu- lar relaxation, an increased flow of saliva, and a .sensation that vomiting will supervene. It is most commonly a direct symptom of disease or disorder of the stomach, but snmelimes it is a very important indirect .synii>tom of disease of sonu' part at a distance from the stomach — as, for e.ample, the brain or the kidney. The nau- sea which is so troublesome to pregnant women is due to the irritation excited by the enlarged uterus being relleeted by nervous agency to the stomach. Among the more common causes of nausea (which nuiy or may not be followed by vomiting) may be mentioned fainting spells, the taking of a "gi'neral ana-sthetic, and surgical shock. It nujy be provoked by blows upon the head, abdomen, testicles, or ovaries, or by power- fil mental impressions such as revolting sights, odors, or sounds, and smlden fright. Other c'luses are discussed under Vomiting. NAUSHONT, na'shSn'. One of (he Klizabeth Islands- (i|.v.). NAUSIC'AA (Lat., from Gk. Nowotda, Xaii- .'ci7.««). In the Odi/ssc/i, the daughter of the Phicaeian King Alcinous. When Odysseus is wrecked on the coast of Schcria, she discovers liim and eonduels him to her father's court. NAUTCH, uiuh (Hind, m'lch. from Skt. nSttia. dance, from iiart. to dance). The term applied especially in Northern India to the dancing girls attached to the temples. The corresponding word in the south of India is bayailere (q.v.). The presence of these girls at temples and their double role of attendants on Die deity and of courtesans is undoubtedly a sirvival of the cus- tom formerly widespread, especially in the East. of sacred prostitution. The daughters of nautch girls are generally trained as successors of their mothers. As in like religious customs elsewhere, no social odium attaches to these women. The nnutch dancers are completely enveloped in wind- ing clrajicry. and move with slow and rhythmic motions of the body, while the hamls are busied in graeoful gesturing and in managing the drap- ery. The feet are little iscd. The nautch dance IS primnrily erotic in character, and now is often rppnrdcd by the natives as symbolizing the loves of Krishna ('(.v.) and the milk-maids. See Bayaueke; Da.ncing Gibls. NAUTICAL ALMANAC (from Lat. nau- tilus, from (ik. vavTiKds, iioKtikus. pertaining to sliips or .sailors, from ^ain-jjs, iiuiilis, sailor, from yaOi, naiis, Skt. ntlii, ship). A volume issued annually, and containing primarily the astronom- ical data required by navigators in the com- ])utation or reduction of the sextant observations by which the shi])'s position at sea is ascertained. The preparation and piiblication of these alma- nacs is very costly, and is therefore undertaken as a work of |)ul)lic utility by several dilferent governments. Thus the United States issues the Anil rim )i /v'/j/i cmc? is and autical Almanac; Germanv. the Berliner AstrunomiscUes Jakrbuch ; I'rance, "the Vonnuissance des letups; and Great Britain, Hie iiutical Alinauuc. To the astrono- mer, the Xuiiliciil Almanac furnishes a great mass of important data: it gives the position of the moon in right ascension and declination for every hour, and the sun's latitude and longitude for every day in the year; it shows the obliquity of the ecliptic, the sun's and moon's parallax, aberration, etc., at ditrerent times : it supplies the neces.sary data for the determination of the real or apparent size, position, and motion of the planets and their satellites; it fixes accurately the places of the more important stars, and gives full details concerning eclipses, occultations. tran- sits, and other celestial phenomena occurring dur- ing the year. It is generally issued two or three .years in advance of its date for the sake of mariners going on long voyages. See Almanac. NAUTICAL SCHOOLS. See Naval Schools OF iNSlRri'TION. NAUTICAL SURVEYING. See IIydrog- KAl'IIY. NAUTILOI'DEA ( Xeo4,at.. from Lat. nau- tilus, from Gk. vavrO.of, sailor, nautilus, from I'atic, nau.i, ship -f EliJof, eidos. form). An order of fossil Cephalopoda, equal in rank to the Animonoidea. cimtaining about 2.'>no species that range from Cambrian to recent time, and are represented at jireseiit by only (wo or three liv- ing species of the genus Nautilus. The most an- cient forms were straight conic shells (Ortlioceras) which soon became coiled like the modern forms. Many of the extinct genera and species are most important horizon-markers or index fossils. See Cefiiai.opoiia : Naitilus: Ortiiockra.s. NAUTTILUS ( Lat.. from Gk. raiViXos, nau- tllos. sailor, from raOs, tiaus. ship). The pearly nautilus (genus Nautilus) is the only living representative of an immense assemblage of shelled eephalopods of the subclass Tetrabran- chiata, which flourished during past geological ages. The shell is coiled in one iiliine. divided into chambers by (lartitions or se|)ta, the outer- most being called the 'living chamber.' as it con- tains the animal : the .septa are perforated by the sipluincle. which is central or nearly so, and the aperture is wide and spacious. The shell con- sists of two layers, the outer being porcellanous, the inner pearly, or nacreous, whence the name 'pearly' nautilus. The initial chamber consists of an obtuse incurved cone, marked on (he outer surface of its posterior wall by a small scar called the rieiitri.r. It is suiiposeil that a perish- able embryonic shell ( protoconcli ) was formed, the presence of which is indicated by the cicatrix.