Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/675

NIP A. 575 NIPPUB. and are exported from IViiassuiim for this juir- pose. NIPH'ER, Francis Elgk.ne (1847—). An Aiiiciicaii rk'ctriwU engineer and pliysieist. He was born at Port JJyron, X. V. ; graduated from Iowa State University in 1870 ; and, after four years as instruetor of physics in that institution, was ehosen professor of physics and of electrical cnjjineering in W'asliingtou Liii- versity. Niphcr organized the Missouri weather service (1S77) and the ^Magnetic Survey of the iState (1878); became a prominent member of the Saint Louis Academy of Science ; and con- trilnited to its Truiisactions articles on physics and meteorology. His more interesting researches include his proof that a photographic plate over-exposed may be developed as a positive, and that between positive and negative there is a zero value which cannot be develoi)ed. NIPIGON, nip'i-gon (or NEPIGON), L.ke. A lak*' of Ontario, Canada, .3.3 miles north of Lal<e Superior (Map: Ontario, il 8). It is aliout 00 miles long from north to south, and 4.) miles wide. A coast line with bold headlands and deep bays gives a total length of shore of .380 miles. It is 813 feet above Lake Superior. A great number of mountain streams flow into it, and its waters flow out through the Xipigon River, 40 miles in length, southward, to Nipigon Bay, an arm of Lake Superior. The lake is very deep, studded with islands, and well stocked with tish. NIPISSING, nip'is-sing (still-water place, or littlc-wntcr place). An Algonquian tribe, for- merly residing about the lake of the same nanu' in Xorthern Ontario, Canada. When first known to the French, early in the seventeenth century, they were one of the most prominent and intlucntial tribes of Canada, and were regarded by the Jesuit missionaries as the typical Algonquian tribe, and their language as the standard for the whole linguistic stock. On the destruction of the missions by the Iro- quois aljout lUoO they were forced to fly to the nortli and west, almost to the extreme west- ern end of Lake Superior. They afterwards returned and settled, some in their old coun- try on the lake shores, others at the Three Rivers, and also with the Catholic Iroquois at the Lake of Two Mountains, near Montreal, where they still have a village. It is impos- sible to give any reliable statement of the past or present numl)er of the Xipissing, as they are generally included in the estimates with the other tribes known collectively as Algonquian (q.v.). The Indians now on a reservation on Lake Xipissing are oftieiallv classed as Ojibwa (q.v.). NIPISSING (or NEPISSING), Lake. A lake in Ontario, Canada, nearly midway between Lake Huron and the Ottawa Kiver, with a length of about So miles, and a maximum breadth of 28 miles (Map: Ontario, D 1). Its waters are mostly received from the north through Sturgeon River, which connects it with a chain of smaller lakes. The only outlet is French River, hy which the lake discharges into (icor- gian r.:iy. an inlet of Lake Huron. There are n number of small islands. The vicinity is jnhaliited by Indians. There is a regular steam- er service on the lake, and its waters and shores are extensively resorted to for angling and shooting. Le Caron, a RecoUet priest, was the lirst European to visit the lake, in ltil4. NIP'MUC (fresh-water people). A collec- tive term for llie small inland tribes of Algon- quian stock formerly living in central Massa- chusetts and the adjacent sections of Connecti- cut and Rhode Island. Their chief seats were at the headwaters of the Rlaekstone and the t.hiinebaug rivers, and about the ])on(ls of Brook- ticld. Their villages had no ap|)arent political connection, and the various bands were subject to their more powerful neighbors, the Massa- chuset, the Wampanoag, the X'arragauset, and the Mohegan, or even tributary to the distant Mohawk. There were seven villages of "pray- ing Indians" among them in 1(174, but on the outbreak of King I'liiliji's War the next year almost all of them joined the hostiles, and at its close some of them lied to Canada or west- ward to the Mohican, and others to the districts about the Hudson. NIP'PER, SiSAX. A character in Dickens's novel Domheij and Son. the nurse of Florence Dombey, sharp-tongued but faithful. NIPPEIlDEY,nip'per-dI. Karl L^^)^^G(I82I- 7.5). A German philologist, born in Schwerin, September 13, 1821. He studied at the universi- ties of Leipzig and Berlin, and after teaching in the former university, became professor at .Jena, 1852. He published a number of translations and critical studies of Latin prose, among them works on Caesar, Xepos, and the Annales of Tacitus. These works passed through many edi- tions, the translation of Xepos having reached its tenth edition in LSflO, and the translation of the Annales of Tacitus, with exegetieal notes, having passed through the ninth edition iu I8!)2. Consult Schiill's collection of his works, under the title of C. Xippcrflfii Opiixcnla (1877), and the biography by the same author (1875). Nip- perdey committed suicide, Januaiy 2, 1875. NIPPLES. See Breast. NIPPOLD, ni'p.'dt. FRiEnRlcii (1838—). A (ierman Cliurch historian. He was born at Em- merich and studied at Halle and Bonn. After 1865 he served as professor of Church history at the universities of Heidelberg, Bern, and .Jena. Xippold became a representative of liberal theology, and took a prominent lead in the •modern Church movcTnent. His ninnerous theo- logical treatises include Handbiich dcr neues- tcn Kircheiigeschichte (1857), which is his chief wcnk. and Amerikanische Kirchengeschichte (1802). NIPPON, or NIHON, n^'hon'. The Japan- ese pronunciation of the name ".Jih-pen" (sun- origin) given to "Japan' by the Chinese. '.Japan' is a corruption of the same words. The name was employed first officially by the .Tapane.se Government about A.D. 070. Before that time various high-sounding titles had been used, and two native nanu-s .still survive in litera- ture. 'Vamato,' strictly speaking, the name of a province, and 'O-mi-kuni' (Great .Xugust Country). 'Xippou' was misapplied by Occi- dentals for a time as the name of the largest island of the archipelago. NIP'PirR (modern name. X'iffar). One of the most important cities of ancient Babylonia, situated on the northeast edge of the district now occupied by the Afej tribes of Arabs, be-