Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/700

NORDAU. 600 NOKDHAUSEN. elude the novels, Die Krankkeit des Jahrhun- derts (1889), Gefiihlskomodie (1891), and Vrohnenschlacht (1897); the plays, Xeuc Jour- nalislcH (1880. with Ferdinand IJross), Krieg d<:r Millioncti (1882), Das Uccht :ii lichen (1893); Die Kiigcl (1894), and Dr. liohn (1898); and a volume of essavs, Zcitgeiuissisohe Franzosen (1901). NORDEN, nCir'df n, Edu..rd ( 1868— ) . A Ger- man classical [iliilologist, born at Emden: pro- fessor in tlic liiivcrsity of Brcslau. His most important publication is a brilliant and com- preliensive history of ancient prose style from the sixth century B.C. to the time of the Renais- sance, entitled Die antike Kunstprosa (2 vols., Leipzig. 18!IS|. NORDENBERG, nOr'den-bar-y', Bengt (1822-1902). A Swedish genre painter, born at Kompinkulla, Province of Blekinge. For seven years employed as a liouse painter, lie went in 1841 to Stockholm, and wliile still followinj; liis trade, frequented the Academy until 18.51, wlien he proceeded to Diisscldorf. There he studied under Tlicodor Ilildebrandt and in Paris ( 18.57- .58) under Couture. Then he visited Italy and finally settled at Diisseldorf. Mudi inlhienced by Tidemand, he chose his subjects almost ex- clusively from Swedish peasant life, which he depicted with a keen sense of observation and deep feeling. Prominent among such popular scenes are: "Connnunion in a Village Church" (1856, National Gallery. Christiania) ; '"The Or- ganist" (1.S61, Leipzig Museum): "■Levying the Tithe in Sclioncn" (18(12) and "Wedding Pro- cession in Viirend" (1873), botli in the Stock- liolm ilu^cuMi. NOR'DENFELT MACHINE GUN. See JlAtlUNE (il NS. NORDENSKJOLD, nOr'dcn sheld, XiLS Adolf Eric, Baron (1832-1901). A famous geographer and explorer. He was born at Helsingfors, Fin- land. He entered the university of his native town in 1849, where he devoted himself especially to chemistry and mineralogy. In 1853 he accom- panied his father to the I'rals and studied )(ar- ticularly the iron and copper mines at Tagilsk. Returning home, he published his first papers, dealing with the minerals and mollusca of Fin- land, and received an ap|w>intment as curator of the mathematico-physical faculty. He was suddenly dismissed, however, because he offered a toast at a banqiiet to which the Governor gave an obnoxious political significance. Visit- ing Berlin, he engaged in researches in mineral analysis at Rose's laboratory, and in 1857 re- turned to Finland, obtained the Alexander traveling sti|)end from his university, together with his degree as master and doctor, and pre- pared for a geological expedition to Siberia and Kamtchatka. .Another unhicky toast gave offense to the Riissian (Jovernor-tieneral. and he drove the offender from the country, following him up with a dispatch depriving him of the right of ever holding oflicc in the university. This dis- qualification lasted until a new Governor-General was appointed in 1862. Nordenskjiild settled in Slockliidm in the winter of 1857-58. and Sweden became his adopted country. During 1858 he made his first voyage to Arctic seas as companion to the Swedish geologist Torell. and made vain- able discoveries of the remains of Tertiary plants. After his return he was appointed professor and director of the Royal-JIuseum, Stockholm. In 1861 he made a second expedition to Spitzbergun with Torell, and surveyed the northern part of the arcliipolago. Upon invitation of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Sweden. Xordenskjijld led an expedition to Spilzbergen in 1864, completing a preliminary survey for the arc of the meridian, mapping the southern ])art of Sjjitzbergen, and collecting new data as to fauna and flora. His next expedition was in 1868, when in the .So/ia he [lenetrated to latitude 81° 42' X. A visit to Greenland had important scientific results in that he was enabled to formulate a theory as to the nature of the ice-sheet that once covered the greater part of Europe by his examinations of similar formations upon the (ireenland ice-cap. The expedition of 1873 accomplished the discovery of what he supposed to be cosmic dust on polar ice and the survey of part of Northwest Land. Crossing the Kara Sea in 1875. he penetrated to the Yenisei and returned home overland, believing that a northeast passage could be made from Europe to the eastern shore of Asia. The opinion was put to the test in 1878-79. He left Tromso on .luly 21, 1878. in the IVfld, and continued his journey eastward till the end of September, wlieii he became ice-bound in latitude 67° 7' N. and longitude 173° 23' W.. not far from Bering .Strait. Here he remained imi>risoned until .July 18, 1879. when the expedition was released. He then passed through Bering Strait and sailed to.lapan. For this achievement the King of Sweden and Norway con- ferred upon Nordenskjiild the rank of a baron in the Swedish peerage, and he was apjiointed com- mander of the Order of the North Star. In 1883 he made his last expedition to Greenland. Nor- den^kjiild was a lilieral in ]>olitics and sat in 1870-72 in the Lower House of the Swedish Diet. He discovered uranium in many varieties of coal, and showed that fresh water could be found any- where in Sweden at a depth of 100 feet through the Arehiran roeks. Besides scientific reports and monographs, his principal works are: The Voi/age of the Vega Around Asia (1881): The Second Sucdish Expedition to (Ireenlund (1885); Fac- simile Atlas to the Eurlg liistorii of Cartography (1889) ; and Peri plus (1897). Consult the auto- biographical sketch in Bej&r's Swedish Jiiographi- eal IjC.rieon. a translation of parts of which may be f(nmd in The Arctic Voyages of Adolf Erik Xordenskjold, edited by Alexander Leslie (Lon- don, 1879) ; also articles and bibliography in Ymer. vol. xxii. (Stockholm, 1902). NORDERNEY, nor'dcr-ni. The most impor- tant (if the K.ast Frisian Islands, lying off the northwest coast of Germany, and belonging to the Prussian Province of Hanover (Map: Prus- sia. B 2). It is eight miles long, about a mile wide, and covered with dunes 50 to 75 feet high. The island is the most popular German seabath- ing resort, visiteil annually by over 14.000 ])er- sons. The village at the western end is pro- tected by a large sea-wall. It has a handsome Konversationshaus with a museum, and a na- tional hospital for children. A large lighthouse stands in the centre of the island. The per- iiKiTHiit ]Mi|iil;itiiiii is about 4000. NORDHATJSEN, norf -hou'zrn. A city in the Province <if Saxony, Prussia, on the Zorge. 38 miles north-northwest of Erfurt (Map: Prussia. D 3). The Church of Saint Blasius with paint- ings by Lucas Cranach, the Roman Catholic late-