Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/701

NORDHAUSEN. 601 NORFOLK. Gothic Catlietlralj and tlie imiscuiii of antiqui- ties, are xvcjitliy of note. The town is the centre of a hirge general trade, espeeially in grain and cattle. It has extensive distilleries and brew- eries, and considerable rnanufaetures of tobacco, chemieals, leather, cloth, sugar, and machinery. Population, in 1800, 20,847; in 1900, 28,.50b. Nordhausen is mentioned in the tenth century, and was made a free Imperial city in 1253. NORDHOFF, nord'h^f, Charles (18.S0- liiDli. An American journalist, descriptive and miscellaneous writer, born in Erwitte, West- jihalia. He came to America in 1835, was educated in Cincinnati, and was for nine years at sea, in the navy and merchant service; from 1853 to 1857 in various newspaper oHiees; was then employed editorially by the Harpers 1 I8fll ) , and for the next ten years on the stall' of the Xcw York Ei-ening Post. From 1871 to 1873 Xordhofl' traveled in California and visited Ha- waii. He then became Washington correspondent of the Xew York Herald. The more noteworthy of his books are: Uun-of-^Y<^r Life, largely au- tobiograjihieal (1855); The Merchant Vessel (1855) : Whaliiifi and Fishing (185G), both the result of ])ersonal experience, as was also Sine Years a t?ailur ( 1857) ; then for ten years polities and soeiologA' were his themes in Secession Is Rc- hcllion. (IS(iO) ; The Frccdmcn of South Carolina (1863) ; America for the Working Men (1865). To sociology he contributed: Politics for Young Americans (1875), perhaps the best known and most useful of his books; The Communistic So- cieties of the United States (1875). Later vol- ximes are God and the Future Life (1881) and Prniiisiihir California (1888). Xordhoff died in California in July, 1901. NOR'DICA, Lillian, born Xortox, (1859 — ). An American soprano, born at Farniington, Me. Mie was iiu|iil of the Xew Englanil Conservatory and of .T. O'Xeill. making her clfbut in 1S76. Then followed two years of successful concert work, on the conclusion of which she accompanied Gil- more's band to Europe, and later took up the -tudy of opera with San Giovanni. She was an ■ arnest student, and possessed of considerable ~tage aptitude, which, together with her magnifi- fent voice and pleasing presence, won her an im- mediate success. After touring Germany and Russia, she appeared in 1881 in Paris, where her success was absolute. Her marriage with Frederick A. Gower in 1882 turned out to be un- fortunate, and three years later she sued for a separation, the proceedings in which were brought to a close by the disappearance of Gow-er, sup- posedly in a balloon accident. In 1887 she ap- ])eared in London, and in 1895 made her first appearance in opera in her native land, at the lletropolitan Opera House, Xew Y'ork. Two years later she married Diime, an Hungarian >inger. She achieved her greatest successes in .iida. Lcs' Huguenots, and the soprano parts in the Wagnerian operas, and came to be regarded as one of the greatest prima donnas of her day, being espcrinlly noteil for her coloratura work, NORDLINGEN, nerd'ling-rn. .V town in the western part of Bavaria, Germany, on the Eger, .■!9 miles northwest of .Augsburg (Atap: Germany, H 4), H is an ancient town with walls and towers. The Gothic Saint George's Church, and the late-Gothic Rathaus. with a collection of old German pictures and fine mural paintings, are worthy of mention. The town has a Realschule and a fine library. Among the manufactures of Xiirdlingen are furniture, linen, wcjolen. and leather goods, carpets, and agricultural imple- ments. Population, in 1890, 8004; in 1900, 8299. Xiirdlingen is mentioned for the first time about 900, and became an Imperial city under the Em- peror Frederick 11. The town is best known for the two battles of which it was the scene during the Thirty Years' War. In the first, fought on August 27 (new style, September 16), 1C34, the Protestant army of Bernhard of Wei- mar and the Swedes under General Horn were overwhelmed by a superior force of Imperial troops under Ferdinand, the King of the Romans. This was the first defeat of the Swedes on Ger- man soil, and its efi'cct was the delivery of South Germany from the foreigner. The second battle, fought on August 3 (13), 1645, between the French and the Imperial troops, resulted in the defeat of the latter and the death of their com- mander. General Mercy. NORDMANN, nort'man. Joiiaxnes (1820- 87). An Austrian author, whose family name was Runipelmaier. He was born at Landersdorf, and studied at Vienna, whitlier he returned in 1848, after several years in Dresden and Leipzig, and where as a member of the .Academic Legion he played a prominent part in the Revolution. From 1859 to 1869 he edited the Wanderer, and subsequently wrote for the Xeuc Freie Presse and otlier papers. Oedlchte (1847), a volume of lyrics, contains the best of his poetical works. A posthiunous volume of poems appeared in 1889. He also wrote the epic Fine Romerfahrt (1875- 77); various novels and tales. Zn-ei Frauen (1850), Friihlinr/smjchte in Salamanca (1857; 3d ed. 1880) . Em Wiener Biirger (1860; 2d ed. 1882), and Der zerbrochene Spiegel (1870) ; and books of travel. NOREEN, no-ran', Adolf Gotthard (1854—). A Swedish philologist. He was born at Oestra Emtervik, Sweden. After graduating from the University of Upsala in 1877, he became a privat- dncent there and in 1887 professor of the Scandi- navian langiuiges. Among his principal publica- tions are: Aeldre Vastgotalagen (1876); Altis- liindische tind altnorwegische flrammatik (2d ed. 1892) : Ahriss dfr urgermanischen Lautlehre (Strassburg, 1894) ; Altschircdische (1-rammatik mit Finschlus des Altgutnischen (1898). Xorecn contributed the article on the Scandinavian lan- guage to Paul's Grundriss der Germanischcn Phi- lologie, and is the author of a number of articles published in the .4rA-i'r frir Xordisk Filologi. of which he is one of the editors. He holds a very high place among European philologists. NORFOLK, nor'fak. A maritime county of Englaml, bounded north and northeast by the Xorth Sea. anil south by the county of SufTolk (Map: England. G 4). .rea, 2037 square miles, mostly level ground. The soil, consisting chiefly of light sands and loams, is not naturally of a productive character, but has been made so by systematic treatment, and Xorf(dk is chiefly an agricultural, stock and poultry raising county. The principal rivers are the Ouse, Y'are, and Bure. Capital. Xorwich. Population, in .1891, 454,.500; in 1901, 460,000. Consult: .Mason, Hisiorg of Norfolk (London. 1882-85) ; Rye. His- tory of the County of Norfolk (London, 1885).