the Connecticut River.' The commissioners were unable to agree as to the location of these points. In 1827 a convention was concluded between the two Powers for the reference of the question to the King of the Netherlands. In January, 1831, he made his decision awarding part of the disputed territory to the United States and part to Great Britain. Finding it next to impossible to execute the treaty of 1783. the King drew a boundary line of his own. The decision was satisfactory to neither party, and was formally rejected by the Government of the United States. Meantime border riots and collisions were occurring in the disputed territory to the disturbance of the general peace and security. Several efforts were then made to reach a compromise, but without effect. Finally, the dispute was settled by the Webster-Ashburton Treaty (q.v.) of 1842.
NORTHEAST CAPE. The most northerly point of Asia. See Severo Cape.
NORTHEAST PASSAGE. See Polar Research.
NORTHEN, nor'ten, Adolf (1828-76). A German battle painter, born at Münden. Hanover. He studied from 1847 to 1851 at the Academy of Düsseldorf, and made that city his permanent home after having declined to accept a Hanoverian stipend coupled with the condition that he should complete his studies under Horace Vernet in Paris. Most of his pictures represent episodes from the campaigns of Napoleon, such as "Encounter Near the Göhrde Forest" (1852, Hildesheim Museum); "Battle of Waterloo" (1835) and "Defense of a Farm" (both in the Hanover Museum); "Napoleon's Retreat from Moscow" (several times); "Episode in Battle of Waterloo" (1801) and "'Storming of Planchenois in 1815" (1802, both in the Hamburg Gallery). His observations on the battlefields in Denmark, 1804, and in Bohemia, 1860, resulted in the depiction of various scenes in those campaigns, notably the "Engagement Near Oeversee" (1866, Rudolphinum, Prague). Although his health was failing at the time of the Franco-German War, he followed the armies to France, and among other war scenes he produced "Attack of Prussian Hussars at Vionville," his last painting.
NORTHER. See Cold Wave.
NORTHERN LIGHTS. See Aurora Borealis.
NORTHERN TERRITORY. A vast region in the northern part of South Australia, under whose control it is (Map: Australia, E 1). It has an area of 523,620 square miles. The Minister appointed to have charge of the district has his official residence at Palmerston. The climate is tropical, and sections of it are well adapted to the growing of tropical plants, particularly sugar-cane. Parts of it are devoted to sheep and cattle grazing, hut the greater portion is wholly unoccupied. Tin, copper, silver, and gold are found. A telegraph line connects Port Darwin with Adelaide, and all messages for the southern colonies are received by way of Port Darwin. In 1900 the population, exclusive of aborigines, was estimated at 1500 Europeans, 2200 Chinese, and 515 others. See South Australia.
NORTH'FIELD. A town in Franklin County. Mass., 50 miles northwest of Worcester; on the Central Vermont Railroad (Map: Massachusetts, C 2). The birthplace of Dwight L. Moody (q.v.), Northfield has become, as a result of his influence, a noted centre of religious education and training, being the seat of Northfield Seminary for Young Ladies, founded in 1879, and the Northfield Training School. Mount Hermon School for Boys, which is associated with the work of Northfield, is in the town of Gill. The annual summer conference of Christian workers and the student conference have made the town of considerable repute as a summer resort. Northfield has the Dickinson Public Library. The inhabitants are interested principally in agriculture. It was incorporated in 1072. Its affairs are administered by town meetings. Population, in 1890, 1809; in 1900, 1900.
NORTHFIELD. A city in Rice County, Minn., 43 miles south of Minneapolis; on the Cannon River, and on the Chicago, Milwaukee and Saint Paul and the Chicago Great Western railroads (Map: Minnesota, E 6), It is the seat of Carleton College (Congregational), opened in 1870, and of Saint Olaf College (Lutheran), opened in 1875, and has an Odd Fellows' Widows' and Orphans' Asylum, Scoville Library, Goodsell Observatory, and a handsome Y. M. C. A. building. The city is the centre of a productive farming section, and has manufactures of brick and
woolen knit goods. Settled in 1856, Northfield was chartered as a city in 1875, the charter of that date, as revised in 1889, being still in operation and providing for a government vested in a mayor, elected every two years, and a unicameral council. The water-works are owned and operated by the municipality. Population, in 1890, 2059; in 1900, 3210.
NORTHFIELD. A village in Washington County, Vt., 10 miles south by west of Montpelier, the State capital; on the Dog River, and on the Central Vermont Railway (Ma]): Vermont, D 5). It is the seat of Norwich University, established in 1819 and incorporated in 1834. The village has a Soldiers" Monument and another to Charles Paine, Governor of the State (1841-43); other features of interest are the neighboring heights, Paine and Bald mountains. Valuable deposits of granite and black slate are found in this vicinity. Granite-working, dairying, and the manufacture of lumber products and woolen goods are the principal industrial interests. The village of Northfield was first incorporated in 1855. There is a municipal electric light plant. Population, in 1890, 1222; in
1900, 1508.
NORTH'FLEET. A town in Kent, England, on the Thames, one and one-half miles west of Gravesend (Map: England, G 5). Its industries comprise shipbuilding, chemical works, chalk and lime pits, cement factories, and brick yards. It has an interesting church of the thirteenth century; Huggen's College, established in 1847: and a workingman's club. Population, in 1891, 11,700; in 1901, 13,000.
NORTH FORELAND. See Foreland, North and South.
NORTH GERMAN CONFEDERATION. A union of German States north of the Main. formed in 1800 under the hegemony of Prussia, following on the defeat of Austria in the Seven Weeks' War (q.v.) and the dissolution of the Germanic Confederation. (See Germany.) It
