Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 14.djvu/785

NOVO-TCHEBKASK. 669 NOYES. NOVO-TCHEBKASK. cliei-kiUk', or NO- VO-CHEBKASK. The capital of the territory of the Don Cossacks, Soutli Russia, situated near the right bank of the Don, 20 miles In- rail north- east of Kostov-on-the-I)on (Map: Russia, F 5). The educational institutions include two gym- nasia, a Rcalschiilc, a cadet corps, a theological seminary, a seminary for teachers, and a tech- nical scliool. There arc two tlicatres, a nui- seum containing the archives, and many anti- quities found in the vicinity, and a puldic library, ijistilling is the (irincijial industry, and here are held two annual fairs of considerable importance. About 19 miles north of the town are the Grushev mines, producing one of the best kinds of antliracite in the world. Novo-Tcherkask is the seat of the ataman of the Don Cossacks as well as of the central administration of the terri- tory. Population, in 1897, 52,000. NOVO-UZENSK, -oS-zensk'. A town in the Government of Samara, Russia, situated on the river I'zcn, 242 miles south-southwest of Samara (Jlap: Russia, G 4). Its annual fairs are of considerable importance in the trade with the Kirghiz Steppe. Population, in 1897, 13,475. NOVOYE VBEMIA, nft'voi-a vra'mya (Russ., new time). Tlic largest political daily in Russia, founded in ISOS and published at Saint Peters- burg. After several years of ])recarious existence it was acquired by the prominent publicist A. S. Suvorin in 1870, and for a time counted among its contributors Xekrasoft', Shtchedrin, and Sophia Kovalevskaya. It took a leading part in the Panslavie movement of the seventies, ind gradually lost its liberalism, so that at present it is moderate-conservative in tendency. NO'VTJM OR'GANTJM: (Lat., now instru- ment). Tile name of Francis Bacon's great work which led the way to the development of modern inductive logic. See' Bacox, Franci.s. NOWANAGAB, no-wii'ml-gilr', NAWANA- GAB, or NOWANUGGUB. A seaport and cap- ital of a native State of the same name, in the peninsula of Kathiawar. (iujarat, India, at the mouth of the Nagna, a small river on the south shore of the Gulf of Cuteh, 160 miles southwest of Ahmedabad (Map: India, B 4). It is the terminal of a branch railway line from Rajkot, 54 miles to the east. The town is encircled by a fortified wall, four miles in length, and the buildings generally are of stone. It has pearl fisheries, manufactures of cloth and silk, and enjovs a considerable coastwise and inland trade. Population, in 1891, 48,530; in 1901, 53,844. NOWELL, no'el, Increase (1590-1655). An American colonist, born in England. He was one of the patentees of the Massachusetts Bay Company, was chosen an assistant, and accom- panied John Winthrop to America in 1630. He became one of the leading spirits of the little colony, was the most important man among the thirteen who founded Cliarlestown. and was chosen ruling elder of their church. He was at various times secretary of the colony, treasurer of Harvard College, town clork. and chaplain to the forces employed against the Narraganset Indians. Consult Budington, Eistori/ of the Fimt Church, Charlestown (Boston, 1845). NOX (Lat., night). The per.sonification of night, conceived as a still, dark figure, cover- ing the world with her huge wings, and in her kindness bringing rest to men. In Hesiod's Thcoyony she and Erebus are the offspring of Chaos, and from their union spring .Ether (air) and Hemcra (day). Of herself she produces Sleep and Death, and a multitudinous progeny, some friendiv like the Hesperida', others grievous to men, as tYie Mwrre, or Fates, Ker, the goddess of violent death. Nemesis, the dreams, Momos, the faultfinder and mocker, while in .Eschylus the Furies hail her as mother. The vagueness of the personification and the transparency of the name prevented Xox from becoming pnjminent in the cult, and for the same reason the type in art is not distinct, though the figure is found on some vases and sarcophagi. NOYA, no'ya. A town of Northwestern Spain, in the Province of Coruiia. It is situ- ated at the head of a fiord-like inlet surrounded by wooded mountains, 45 miles southwest of Coruna (ilap: Spain, A 1). It is a second-class port of entry, and has some local trade. The town has two secondai-y schools and a bull-ring, and manufactures pa|)er, leather, soap, cosmetics, and pottery. Population, in 1900, 10,321. NOYADES, nwil'yiid' (Fr., drownings). A name applied to the atrocities practiced at Nantes during the French Revolution (1793-94), by Carrier, the Deputy of the Convention, who put to death over 800 persons by penning them . in scows and scuttling the vessels in the Loire. This mode of execution was also known as "ver- tical deportation.' See Cabbieb. NOYAU, nwa'yo' ( Fr., kernel ) . or C'RfiME de Noyau. A liqueur commonly made from white brandy, flavored with bitter almonds, or the stones of the cherry, peach, or apricot. In Dominica it is flavored with the bark of the noyau tree {('rrasun orcidrntdlis) . and in France sometimes with the leaves of a small convolvulus- like tropical plant, called Ipomcea dissecta. It is colored white and pink. NOYES, noiz, Arthur Aiios (1866—). An American chemist, born at Newburyport. Mass. He received his education at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and went to the Univer- sity of Leipzig in 1888. In CJermany he devoted himself, under the direction of Wilhelm Ostwald, to research in physical chemistry. In 1890 he was made instructor in chemistry at the Massachu- setts Institute of Teohnologj'; in 1893 he was appointed assistant professor there, and in 1899 received the full professorship of organic and theoretical chemistry. He became known as a leetircr of imcommon ability, full of sincere en- thusiasm for his subject. Dr. Noyes contributed the results of his researches mostly to the Zeit- sclirift fiir phijsikalisrhe Chemie, his papers deal- ing mainly with the application of the law of mass action to the solubility of mixtures of salts. Practically all our knowledge on this important subject of physical chemistry is due to the researches of Dr. Noyes. Several of his papers deal with synthetic problems in the chemistry of the com])ounds of carbon. His book- form publications include the following: A Dc- tniled Course of Qiidlttiitive Chemical Anali/sis of liiorqanie i^uhstanees (1895) ; htihoriilorii Exper- iments on the Cln.is Retietions and Identification of Orfianic ftiibntnncen (jointly with Dr. Mulli- ken. 1899) ; General Principles of Physical Sci- ence (1902).