Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/110

SHIKOKIT. 86 SHILOH. vegetable wax tree are cultivated. Camphor and tea are exported. The climate is warm in the south, so that bananas, grapefruit, and ex- ceptionally line oranges are grown, also a small amount of sugar cane. The island is divided administratively into four prefectures: Tokush- inia. Kagawa, Eliime, and Koehi. Population, in 1898. 3,013,817. SHIL'DON AND EAST THICK'LEY. A eoal-iiiining town in Durham, England, 3 miles southeast of Bishop Auckland. Population, in 1901, 11,700. SHILKA, slu'l'ka. A branch of the Amur River ( q.v. ) . SHIL'LABEE, Ben.jamin Penhallow (1814- 90). An American humorist, born at Ports- mouth, N. H. He became a printer at Dover, N. H., in 1830. From 1840 to 1847 he was in the printing office of the Boston Post, and after that time was connected with the same paper editorial- ly. At this period he wrote amusing sketches and squibs under the pen name of 'Jlrs. Parting- ton,' and gained a wide reputation as a humor- ist. During 1850-52 he printed and edited the Pathfinder, and was associated with Charles G. Halpine (Private Miles O'Reilly) on the Car- pet-Bag, but was with the Post again in 1853-56. From 1856 he was for ten years one of the edi- tors of the Boston Saturday Evening Gazette; he then retired to Chelsea and devoted himself to private literary work. Among his successful books may be named: Rhymes icith Reason and Without "(1853) ; Poems (1854) ; Life and Say- ings of Mrs. Partington (1854); Knitting-Work (is59); Partinglonian Patchimrk (1873); and Ike and His Friend (1879). SHIL'LETO, RiCHAKD (1809-76). An Eng- lish Hellenist. He was bom at UHeshelf, York- shire. He studied at Repton and Shrewsbury Schools, and at Trinity College, Cambridge, where almost all of his life was spent as a coach. In 1867 he was elected fellow of Peterhouse. Shilleto's editions of Demosthenes, De Falsa Legatione (1844; 4th ed. 1874), and of the first book of Thucydidcs ( 1872) , as well as his polemic Thticydides or Grote (1851), showed him a critic of rare ability. SHIL'LTJK. A negro people on the White Nile, 9° to 12° N., numbering about a million, be- lieved to be of the same stock as the Fur people of Sennar. The}' are tall, w-ell formed, and near- ly jet black. Once a powerful nation, they have been reduced by war and slavery to an abject condition. SHI'LOH (Hcb. Shiliih). A city of Ephraim, 12 miles south of Shechem, where Joshua di- vided that part of the land of Canaan west of the Jordan (Josh, xviii. 10). Its historical im- portance is due chiefly to its having been a sacred place where a festival was held annually in honor of Yahweh (Judg. xxi. 19-21) and to which annual pilgrimages vere made by the He- brews till the days of Samuel (cf. 1. Sam. i. 3). The sanctuary at the place was a permanent structure the destruction of which, probably by the Philistines, made so deep an impression that it is referred to in the later literature (Psa. Ixxviii. 60; Jer. vii. 12). Jeremiah distinctly speaks of it as ha^■ing been once the dwelling place of Yahweh, and this historical significance of the place is illustrated in the narrative which makes Shiloh the depository of the ark of the Covenant, and the abode of the tabernacle from the time of the conquest until the capture of the ark by the Philistines (I. Sam. i.-iv. 11). The, ancient name is preserved in the modern village of Seilun, which shows traces of various ancient buildings. Consult Guerin, Samarie (Paris, 1869). SHILOH, Battle of, frequently called the Battle of Pittsiiurg Landing. A battle of the Civil War fought at Pittsburg Landing, in Ten- nessee, on the west bank of the Tennessee River, about 20 miles north of Corinth, Miss., on April 6 and 7, 1802, between the Federal Army of the Tennessee, reinforced by the Federal Army of the Ohio, numbering together about 62,500 men, under General Grant, and the Confederate Army of Mississippi, numbering about 40,500 men. under Generals A. S. .Johnston and Beauregard. It takes its name from Shiloh Church, near Pitts- burg Landing. On March 17, 1802, General Grant took command of the Federal forces sta- tioned at Pittsburg Landing, and by April 1st he had under his command an army of about 45.000 men. On March 15th General Buell, conunauding the Arm}' of the Ohio, began his march from Nashville for the purpose of effecting a junction with Grant, a combined offensive movement being planned for the two armies. General Johnston, commanding a large Confederate force at Corinth, •determined to strike Grant before Buell could ar- rive, and on April 3d issued orders for a general advance. Owing, however, to rain storms and the wretched condition of the roads, the Confed- erate army was not ready for action at Pittsburg Landing until the afternoon of April 5th, and the attack was not delivered until early on the fol- lowing morning. Meanwhile the Federal officers seem not to have anticipated an attack in force, and consequently to have made no provision for meeting such an attack, and do not seem even