Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 18.djvu/834

SUVAROFF. 7S2 SWABIA. in French, which was edited by Glinka (Mos- cow, 1819). Consult also: Smith, Siiworows Lcben und Beerziigc (Vilna, 1833-34) ; id., Su- trorow unci Polens Unteryaiig (Leipzig, 1858) ; Eeding-Biberegg, Der Zug iiuicorotcs durch die Schweiz (Zurich, 1869); Macready, A Sketch of Suwarroio and His Last danipaign, (London, 1851). SUWANEE, su-wa'ne. A river of Florida (Map: Florida, E 2). It rises in the Okefinokee Swamp in southern Georgia and Hows south- west, emptying into the Gulf of Mexico, 12 miles north of Cedar Keys, after a course of 240 miles. The scenery along its banks is attractive, and the river has been celebrated throughout the country by tlie song, "Old Folks at Home." SUYTJTI, soo-yoo'ts (Ar. Ahu al Fadl 'AU al-Kahmfui iil-Siiyun) ( 144.^j-15(ir)) . An eneyelo- piedist and the most prolific writer in Arabic literature. His family was of Persian origin, but had emigrated to Egypt, where his father was a judge and professor at Cairo. Hitlier the son returned after the usual travels to Mecca and the centres of learning, and here he rose from one professorship to another. But at last his arrogant and dishonest conduct drove him from his position and he died in retirement. The production of great numbers of books seems to have been his affectation, and although they do not reveal genius, they are of value for the ency- clopa'dic information they contain. About 3i5 titles of extant books of his are enumerated, touching upon every subject. Consult: WUsten- feld. Die Geschichtsschreiber der Araber (Giit- tingen, 1882) ; Brockelmann. Geschicltte der ara- bischen Litteratur (Berlin, 1899). SVABGA, swiir'ga (Skt., heaven). In Hindu mythology, the ]>aradise of the god Indra (q.v.). It is the residence of some of the inferior gods and deified mortals, who there rest in the shade of the five wonderful trees, ilnndfira, Purijafa, Santilna, Kalpavrk^a, and Hiirichnndana, drink amrta, the beverage of immortality, and enjoy the music of the heavenlj- nuisicians, the Gandh- arvas, and the dancing of the celestial courte- sans, the Apsarasas. Svarga is situated on Mount Meru (q.v.), and is 800 miles in circum- ference and 80 miles high. Its pillars are of diamonds and its palaces of gold. The inhabi- tants do not remain there forever, but after a lapse of years they descend to earth to be born and die according to the doctrine of metempsy- chosis ( q.v. ) . SVEABORG„ sva'a-bor-y'. A fortress of Fin- land, Russia. See Helsingfors. SVEARIKE, sva'a-re'ke. One of the three historical divisions of Sweden. It lies between Giitarike and Norrland. Area. 32,589 square miles. Population, in 1900, 1,579,954. SVENDBORG,. svendlioro. A seaport of Denmark, on the southeast coast of the island of Fiinen. on the Svendborg Sound, 27 miles south of Odense (Map: Denmark, D 3). The town occupies a charming site in a hill-encircled yalley. The chief industries are iron-founding, tanning, and shipbuilding. Population, in 1901, 11,531,^ SVEND'SEN, JoHAN (1840—). A Nor- wegian violinist and composer, born at Christiania. He studied at the Leipzig Conserva- tory, toured extensively, later was appointed Concertmeister of the Leipzig 'Euterpe' con- certs, and from 1872 to 1877 was con<luctor of the Christiania Musical Association. After- wards he became Court conductor at Copen- hagen, and in 1896 was appointed conductor of the Royal Theatre. His works include string quartets and quintets; symphony in D; violin concerto in A; overture to Bjtirnson's drama Sigurd Slenibe ; C'arnaval a Paris, for the or- chestra; Coronation March (for Oscar 11.); Wedding Cantata, for chorus and orchestra; Carnaral dcs artistes norregiens ; Norwegian rhapsodies for the orchestra; overture to Hiiineo and JnJiet; Scandinavian airs for string quar- tet ; and Romance in G, for the violin and or- chestra. SVERDRUP, sver'dn.ip, .JoHAN (1816-92). A Norwegian politician, born at the Chateau of .Jarisberg. He studied and practiced law. but from 1850, when he was elected to the Stortliing, gave his entire attention to politics and became the leader of the radical peasant faction. As president of the Storthing since 1871, he violent- ly fought against the royal prerogatives. He was called to preside over the Ministry in 1884. hut did not satisfy the radical portion of his adher- ents, and, yielding to the combined attacks of the Conservatives and the extreme Left, resigned in 1889. SVERDRTJP. Otto (1855—). A Norwegian Arctic explorer, born at Haarstad Farm. District of Helgeland. He followed the sea at the age of seventeen, was subsequently in connnand of a merchant vessel, and in 1888 joined Nansen's expedition to Greenland. In 1893 he started with Nansen for the North Pole as commander of the Fram, which had been built under his supervision, and when Nansen, in 1895. pro- ceeded north on dog sledges. Sverdrup took the ship to the Arctic Sea and in 1896 back to Nor- way. In 1898 he led another expedition in the Fram as far as Cape Sable, was caught in the ice for a year, and. after advancing into .Jones's Sound in the summer of 1899, was again ice- bound for three years. Having explored the southwest and western shores of Ellesmere Land and discovered islands north of the Peary Archi- pelago, he reached Goodhaven, Greenland, in August, 1902, and returned to Norway in the autumn. SWA'BIA, or SUABIA (Ger. Sehiraben.-[.a.t. Suevia). A mediaeval duchy in the southwest of Germany. It took its name from the Suevi. by which the Germanic people of the Alemanni (q.v.), who occupied Southwestern Germany in the third century, were also known. The name Suevia alternates with that of Alemannia as the designation of the country in the early part of the ^Middle Ages, but the former finally pre- vailed. Tlie region occupied by the Alemanni embraced Western Bavaria, Wiirttemberg, Baden, Alsace, and a great part of Switzerland. The bulk of the nation was subjected by the Franks at the close of the fifth century. As part of the Frankish realm. Alemannia was governed by na- tive dukes, but the duchy was abolished before the dissolution of the Prankish Empire. The country from which Alsace and part of the .Al- pine territories had been detached, and which now came to be known as Swahia, was then placed under the rule of counts and nuntii