Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/627

WILLIAMS. 535 WILLIAMS. bisliopric; fiiicil £10,00;); and imprisoned in the Tower, l(j;i(i-40. He v;is roloiiscd liy tlie Lon;; Parliament and restored to his diocese; became Archbisho]) of Canterbury, 1041; was aj^ain im- prisoned and releaseil 1043, and was one of the King's adherents during the rebellion. He was the author of various tlieological treatises, of which the chief is The Holy Table (10.37), di- rected against Archbishi)]) Laud's ritualistic changes. WILLIAMS, .ToHN (1004-1-2!1). A colonial clergyman. He was born in Roxbury, Mass., and graduated at Harvard in I (183. In 1086 he be- came the first minister of Dcerfiold, then a struggling frontier settlement, and when that place was destroyed in 1704 (see Dkekfield), the Indians killed two of his children, and started ■with him and the rest of his family (excepting cue son, then absent), along with the other pio- neers, toward Canada. On the second day his ■vife, unable to proceed, was killed. In Canada he was treated kindly and in 1700 was redeemed, with two of his children. Returning to Deerfield, he there remained as pastor, until his death. In 1707 he published a celebrated narrative of his captivity (since frequently rejirintcd), entitled The licdcemed Captive Returning to Zion. He also publislied a number of his sermons, and left in manuscri|)t many papers on scientific subjects. Consult S. W. Williams, Biocfraphical Memoir of Rev. John ^V^lUan^s (Greenfield, Mass., 1837). WILLIAMS, .John (1702-1858). An Eng- lish scholar and clergj-man, born at Ystrad- nieurig, Wales. He was educated at Balliol Col- lege, Oxford, and from 1840 to 1847 was rector of the Academy, a day school at Edinburgh. He took the post at the wish of Sir Walter Scott and Loekhartj the latter a close personal friend ; and he had in some respects an even more re- markable career there than did Arnold at Rugby. In 1848 he opened at Llandsbery a new school founded by Thomas Phillips, and in the course of five years made it one of the best known schools in Wales. His studies were largely in the classics and Celtic, and were valu- able in their day. They include Tiro Essays on the Gcor/raphy of Ancient Asia (1820) ; The Life and Actions of Alexander the Great ( 1829) ; Homerus (1842) ; The Life of Julius Cassar (18.54) ; Oomer: or a Brief Analysis of the Lan- guage and Knowledge of the Ancient Cymry (18.54) ; and Essays on Various i^ubjccts (1858). WILLIAMS, .John (1796-1830). An English missionary. He was born at Tottenham, London, and at fourteen was apprenticed to an ironmonger. In 1810 he offered himself to the London Mission- ary Society as a missionary to the South Seas, was ordained and sent to Eimeo, one of the So- eietj' Islands. After laboring with much success among the natives of the S(X'iety group, in 1823 he established missions on Raratonga and others of the Hervey Islands. He translated the New- Testament into the Raratongan language, and prepared books for the schools which he estab- lished. In a vessel built by himself during the next four years he visited many of the South Sea Islands, extending bis missionary labors to the Samoa Islands. In 1834 he visited Eng- land, where he remained for nearly four years, during which he procured the publication of his Raratongan New Testament by the Bible Society, and raised £4000 for the purchase and outfit of a missionary ship for Polynesia. In 1838 he re- turned, visited many of the islands, and finally the New Hebrides, where he hoped to plant a mission, l)Ut was killed, November 20, 1830, by the natives of Erronianga. He published .1 Xar- ratire of Missionary Enlrrprise in the South fiea L'ilands (1837). Consult his Life by Campbell, (London, 1S42). and Prout ( ib., 1843). WILLIAMS, .John (1817-09). An American bishop of IJK' Episcopal Church. He was born at Deerlield, Mass., and cducateil at Trinity College, Hartford, where he graduated in 1835. He was ordaiiieil in 1841, and held the rectorship of Saint George's Church, Schenectady, N. Y., from 1842 to 1848, after which he became president of his alma mater, and at the same time professor of history and literature. In 1851 he was elected Assistant Bishop of Connecticut, and on the death of Bisho]) Brownell, in 1805, succeeded him in the sole charge of the diocese. At the same time, from 1854 on, he held the office of dean of the Ber- keley Divinit.v School, at Middletown. and was its principal instructor in Church history and the- ologj'. He succeeded Bishop Lee, of Delaware, in 1887, as presiding Bishop, and earned the reputa- tion of a wise and conservative leader in ecclesi- astical afl'airs. Among his published works are: Thoughts on the Gospel Miracles (1848); The English Reformation (Paddock Lectures, 1881); The World's Witness to Jesus Christ (Bedell Lec- tures. 1882) ; and Studies in the Book of the Acts (18SS). WILLIAMS, .John .Joseph (1822—). An American Roman Catholic prelate. He was born in Boston, April 27, 1822, and educated at the Sulpician College in Montreal and at the Semi- nary of Saint vSulpice in Paris. After his ordina- tion he became assistant at the Boston Cathedral in 1845, and rector in 1855. In 1857 he took charge of Saint James's parish, and in 1866 be- came Bishop of Boston. His title was changed to Archbishop in 1875, when the .see was raised to metro]iolitan diguity. WILLIAMS, JoXATHA.x (1750-1815). An American soldier. He was born in Boston, en- tered business life, made several voyages to Eng- land and the West Indies, and was secretary to Franklin, his grand-uncle, when the latter was Ambassador to France. Here lie made a careful study of military science, and, after serving as Judgeof CommonPleas at Philadelphia, from 1785 to 1801, became a major in the artillery and engi- neer corps, and an inspector of fortifications. He was in command of the military post at West Point in 1801-02. and was superintendent of the United States Jlilitary Academy in 1802-03, giv- ing instruction to the engineers and artillerists. In June, 1803, owingto a dispute over a question of rank, he resigned from the army, but in 1805 reentered the service as lieutenant-colonel and chief engineer, and was reappointed superintend- ent at West Point. He also had charge of the fortifications in New York harbor, planning and building Fort Columbus. Castle Clinton ( Castle Garden), and Castle Williams, the last being, at the time of its erection, the only casemated bat- tery in the United States. He was the first to in- troduce in the United States principles of scien- tific military engineering, and has therefore been called the "Father of the Corps of Engineers.'