Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 20.djvu/893

ZACHER. 75 turned to Halle as full professor. His works, though few, were of great value to the study of Cjcrmanic languages, and include: Die deutsclicit SprichwiJriersammiungen (1852) ; Alexandri Mayiii Iter ad Faradisum (1850) ; Die Hisloiiv vuii der Pfalzgriifin (Jenovefa (ISliO); and PseudoculUsthenes ( 1807 ) . ZACK. Pon-name of the English writer Gwendoline Keats (q.v.). ZACYN'THUS. See Zante. ZADKIEL, zad'ki-ol. The name under whieh R. J. Morrison jiublishcd (1835) a new edition of the seventeenth-century Christian Astroioijy of William Lilly, and most of his own works. ZAiyOCK, or ZADOK. The name by which Dryden designates Archbishop Sancroft in Ahsalom and Acliitonhcl. ZAFTABINES. A group of islands off the coast of Jlorocco. See Chafakinas. ZATTRE (Fr. zaffre. saffre, safre, Sp. xafre, probably from Ar. safril, yellow). An impure cobalt oxide ])repared by roasting cobalt ore, re- ducing it to powder, and then mixing with two or three parts of fine sand or ground quartz. It is used as a blue color by enamelers and paint- ers on porcelain and glass. ZAGAZIG, za'g.a-zeg', or ZAKAZIK. A town of I.cjwer Egypt, situated on the .Aluizz Canal. about 20 mile's north of Cairo lilap: Egj'pt, E2). It lies in a fertile region and carries on a consid- erable trade in cotton and grain. It has also a number of cotton-spinning establishments. Pop- ulation, in 1897, 35,500. In the vicinity is the site of the ancient 13ubastis (q.v.). ZAGOS'KIN, MlKHATI. NlKOt-ATEVITCH (1789- 1852). A Eussian novelist and dramatist, born in the Government of Penza. He served as an adjutant in the campaign of 1812. taking part in the siege of Danzig. Later he devoted himself to literature, and in 1817 received a position in the directorship of the imperial theatre. In 1820, having become favorably known through several comedies, he was made director of the theatre at Moscow. In 1831 he became director of the Court theatre at jNIoscoW, with the rank of actual privy councilor, and in the following year was made keeper of the armory in the Kremlin. He died at Moscow. Zagoskiu wrote seventeen comedies, of which the most important are: Mr. Borja.notoff, or the Coiintrj Gentleman in the Metropolis; Boganotoff the Second, or the Metropolitan in the Country; The Journey Abroad; and A Romance on the Hif/h Road. His reputation was advanced by his novels, of which Yvri Miloslavshi (1829) was the most popular. In 1834 this was translated into English as The Toiing Muscovite, or the Poles in Russia. His books are gracefully written and constitut<> a good portra_val of Russian manners at various periods. He also wrote several volumes of essays entitled Moskva i Moshvitchi. ZAGREB. See Ageam. ZAHN, tsan, Theodor (1838—). A German theologian. He was born at Mfirs, studied at Basel, Erlangen, and J3erlin, and became pro- fessor at Gottingen (1871). at Kiel (1877). at Erlangen (1878), at Leipzig (1888), and again at Erlangen (1892). Some of his more important writings are: Der Hirt des Berinos unlcrsnrlit (18U8) ; Furschungen ~ur Geschichtc des ncutes- 5 ZALINSKI. iamcntlichcn Kanons und der altkirchlichen Lit- teralur (1881-1902); Ocschichte des neutesta- nienl lichen Kanons (1889-92); Das apostolische Hymholum (1892) ; Einleitung in das neuc Testa- ment (1900). ZAHRINGEN, tsa'ring-cn. The reigning family of Baden. It traces its descent from Gel)hard, eldest son of Guntram the Rich, Count of Breisgau, who lived in the early part of the tenth century. Ills younger brother Lanzelin is said to have been the founder of the Hapsburg line. In 1077 the line of Ziilu'ingen divided into the ducal or Zilhringen branch, which became extinct in 1218, and the jiresent branch of Bailen. The dukes of Ziihringen ruled over extensive pos- sessions in what is now .Southern Baden and Northern Switzerland. They had their seat in the Castle of Zilhringen, which now lies in ruins some two miles north of Freiburg. ZAIRE, z;Vfr'. (1) The best of Voltaire's tragedies and one of the best dramas of the French classic scliool. It was produced in Paris, August 13, 1732, and owes much to Shakespeare's Othello. (2) An opera by Bellini, produced in 1829. ZAKAZIK, zii'ka-zek'. A town of Egypt. See ZxG.Ac,. ZALDIVAR, sal-de'var, R.VFAEi. (1834-1903). A Salvador statesman, born at San Alejo. Edu- cated in medicine and surgery, he so distin- guished himself in epidemics of cholera (1857) and yellow fever that he was called in 1860 to the University of Guatemala as professor of physi- ology and hygiene. In the same year he was elected to the Chamber, and thereafter was a member of the Senate, Jlinister to tiermany, and ^linister of War. He was elected President in 1876, in 1880, and in 1884, and greatly improved the finances and industries of the country. He was Minister to the United States until shortly before his death, and withdrew because of an arbitration decision adverse to Salvador, grow- ing out of a United States claim in behalf of the Salvador Commercial Company. He was transferred to Paris, where he died. ZALETJ'CUS (Lat., from Gk. ZdXeumj. Za- Icuhos) (seventli century B.C.) . A celebrated law- giver of Epizcphyrian Locri, in Southern Italy. Of his life nothing is known, and most of the traditions in regard to him are untrustworthy. He flourished in the middle of the seventh cen- tury B.C., and his code is reputed to have been the first written code whieh any Greek State ever possessed. It is said that the occasion for his legislation was given by an appeal which the people made to the Oracle of Delphi to remedy their troubles, whereon they were told to make laws for themselves. These laws, though most severe, were for a long time greatly celebrated. So averse were the people to a change that if any one proposed a new law, he was obliged to appear in public with a noose aroiuid his neck; and if his proposal was rejected the noose was tightened and the proposer strangled on the spot. It is said that adultery was punished with the loss of both eyes, and the people were forbidden to use napkins when eating, to travel abroad, etc. ZALIIT'SKI, Edmund Loots Gray (1849—). An American artillerist and inventor, born at Kurnik, Prussian Poland. When four years