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A. A'azz A'azz-Uddin, ( ) Prince, second son of Sliah 'Alam Bahadur Shah. He was born on the 17th Zi-Ka'da 1074 and appears to have died early.] A'azz-uddin, ( ^^i^iiyf] ) son of Mu'izz-uddin Jahandar Shah, emperor of Dilhi. He was hlinded and imprisoned by Farrukh-siyar, in the end of 1124 H.] Aba Bakr (Mirza or Sultan), the son of Shahrukh Mirza the son of Amir Timur. He was murdered by order of his brother Mirza Ulugh Beg, A. D. 1448 (852 A. H.) Aba Kaan or Abka Khan or Abaka Khan, or ^yl^ I^jI ) a king of Persia of the tribe of Mughuls or Tartars, and descendant of Chingiz Khan, succeeded his father Hulaku Khan in February 1265, A. D. (Rabi'-us-Sani 663 A. H.), and was crowned on Friday the 19th June following (SrdRamazan.) He was a prince who added to the qualijSca- tions of courage and wisdom those of moderation, clemency, and justice. His ambassadors were introduced in 1274 to the ecclesiastical Synod at Lyons. He proved to be a formidable neighbour to the Christians who settled at Je- rusalem. The intrigues of his court embittered the latter years of his reign ; and his days were believed by many to have been shortened by poison given to him by his minister Khwaja Shams-uddin Muhammad, which occa- sioned his death on Wednesday the 1st of April 1282 A. D., (20th Zil-hijja 680 A. H.) after a reign of 1 7 years and some months. He had married the daughter of Michael Palseo- logus, emperor of Constantinople, who'had been betrothed to his father, but arrived at Maragha in Tabriz, the seat of his government, after the death of that prince. Aba-kl- an was succeeded by his brother Nekodar, who embraced IMuhammadanism, and took the title of Ahmad Khan. 'Abbas, the son of 'Abdul-Muttalib, and uncle of the prophet Muhammad. He at first opposed the ambitious views of his nephew, but when defeated in the battle of Badr, he was reconciled to him, warmly embraced his reli- gion, and thanked heaven for the prosperity and the grace which he enjoyed as a Musalman. He served the cause of Muiammad at the battle of Hunain by recalling his dis- mayed troops to the charge, and inciting them boldly to rally round their prophet, who was near expiring under the scimitars of the Sakafites. He died on the 21st February, 653 A. D., (17th Rajab, 32 A. H.) ; and 100 lunar years after, Abul-' Abbas, surnamed As-Saffah, one of his descendants, laid the foundation of the ' Abbasi or Abbaside family of the Caliphs in Baghdad, which continued for 524 lunar years. The tomb of 'Abbas is in Madina. 'Abbasa, ""--^^j a sister of Hariin-ur-Eashi'd, the Khalifa of Baghdad, who bestowed her hand on Ja'far Barmakf, his minister, on condition that she abstained from the marriage rights. The promise was forgotten, and the husband's life was sacrificed bj' the tyrant, and 'Abbasa was reduced to poverty. This circumstance took place in 803 A. D. (187 A. H.). There are still extant some Arabic verses which beautifully celebrate her love and her misfor- tunes. See Ja'far ul-Barmaki. 1 Abba 'Abbas 'Ali, ^^^s^ a physician, and one of the Per- sian magi, who followed the doctrines of Zoroaster. He wrote A. D. 980, a book called ' Royal Work', at the request of the son of the reigning Khalifa of Baghdad, to whom it was dedicated. It was translated into Latin by Stephen of Antioch in 1127 A. D. 'Abbas 'Ali (Mfrza), whose poetical name is Betab, is the son of Nawab Sayadat 'AU Khan, son of Ghulam Mu- hammad Khan, the son of Faiz-ullah Khan, Nawab of Rampur. 'Abbas bin-' Ali Shirwani, J'bj^ ts^-^ ^d' wk^, author of a history, containing the narrative of Sher Shah the Af- ghan, who drove Humayun from Hindustan, A. D. 1539, and mounted the throne of Dilhi. This work was dedicated to the emperor Akbar, and is called Tuhfa-i-Akbarshahi. The first part of this work was translated into Urdu by Mazhar 'Ali Khan in the time of Lord CornwalUs and is entitled ' Tarikh-i-Sher Shahi.' Vide Dowson, Elliot's History of India, IV, 301.] 'Abbas Mirza," a Persian prince, son of Fath 'AH Shah, was bom in 1783. He died ia 1833. His death was a great loss to his country, although he could not prevent the encroachments of Russia. His eldest son, Muhammad Mirza, mounted the throne in 1834, on the death of Fath 'All, under the united protection of England and Russia. 'Abbas Mirza, (j"^^, whose title was Nawab Iktidar- uddaula, was the author of a Masnawi in Urdu verse, containing a history of Christ. He was living in Lakhnau in 1849 A. D., and was then about eighty years of age. 'Abbas (Shah) I, W^^t surnamed the Great, and seventh king of Persia of the Safawi family, was born on Monday the 29th of January 1571 A. D. (1st Ramazan, 978 A. H.). He was proclaimed king of Persia, in his sixteenth year, by the chiefs of Khurasan, and took possession of the throne during the lifetime of his father. Sultan Sikandar Shah, surnamed Muhammad Khudabanda, A. D. 1588, (996 A. H.). He was the first who made Isfahan the capital of Persia. He was brave and active, and enlarged the boundaries of his dominions. He took conjointly with the English forces, in 1622 A. D., the island of Ormus, which had been in the possession of the Portuguese for 122 years. He reigned 44 lunar years, was contemporary with Akbar and Jahangir, and died on Thursday, the 8th of January, 1629 A. D. (24th Jumada I, 1038 A. H.). His grandson succeeded him and took the title of Shah Safi. He was a bigoted SM'a. In later histories he is gene- rally called ^j^Lomdzt; vide Km. Translation, I, 445, 463.] 'Abbas (Shah) II, cf^*^ W^, great-grandson of Shah 'Abbas I, succeeded his father Shah Safi to the throne of Persia in the month of May, 1642, A. D. (Safar 1052, A. H.), when he was scarcely ten years old. Kandahar, which was lost by his father, was recovered by this prince be-