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Abda 2 Abdu fore he was sixteen years of age. Shah Jahan made many efibrts to recover this city, but with no . success. He reigned 25 lunar years, and was cut off by the lues venerea in his 34th year, on the 26th August 1666 A. D. (5th Eabi'-ul-awwal, 1077 A. H.) He was succeeded by his son Safi Mirza, who took the title of Shah Sulaiman. Ac- cording to Chardin, he died on the 25th September which corresponds with the 5th Eabi'-us-Sani. Vide Orme's Historical Fragments of the Mogul Empire, p. 196. Abdal, ( J'*^^' ) ^^^1 ^'il^r of Little Tibet during the reign of Shah Jahan. He was captured, and Adam Khan was appointed governor of Little Tibet. Vide Dowson, EUiot's History of India, VII, 63.] Abdal Chak, ( tJ^:^. JljJt ) uncle of Yusuf Khan Chak (last king of Kashmir, who succumbed to the emperor Akbar). Vide Ain Translation I, 478.] Abdali, vide Ahmad Shah Abdali. Abdals, the forty, hence called Chihil-tandn. After Muham- mad's death, the Earth complaiaed to God that she would henceforth be no longer honored by prophets walking on her surface. God promised that there should always be on earth forty (or, according to some, seventy-two) holy men, called Abddls, for whose sake he would not destroy the earth. The chief of the Forty is called ' Ghaus.'] Abdar Begam, f*^^ j'*^-!', one of the concubines of the Emperor Akbar. 'Abdi, LS'^^^ his proper name is not known. He is the author of the work called " Tarjama-i-Takmila," a trans- lation of Yafi'i's Legends of Kadiriya saints into Persian verse, completed in 1641 A. D., 1051 A. H., under Shah Jahan. 'Abdi of Tun, Cff "^^j a poet who had a predilection for Masnawis, and is the author of the " Gauhar-i-Shah- war," which is in the style of Nizami's Makhzan-ul-Asrar. He came to celebrity in Khurasan in 1645 A. D., 950 H. Tide Khwaja Zaia-ul-'Abidm 'All 'Abdi, who appears to be the same person. 'Abdi, ij'^^ and Nawedi, iS'^i^^ vide Khwaja Zain- ul-'Abidin 'AH 'Abdi. Abdi, C?'^-', author of a heroic poem called Anwar-nama in praise of Nawab Anwar-uddfn Khan of the Kamatik, in which the exploits of Major Lawrence and the first contests between the English and French in India are recorded with tolerable accuracy. Vide Abjadi. 'Abdul-' Ali (Maulana), entitled "Bahrul-'ulum" {i. e. the Sea of Knowledge), the son of Mulla Nizam-uddm Sihali. He is the author of the ' Arkan Ai-ba' Fikah' and several other works. He died A.D. 1811 (1226 A. H.). 'Abdul-'Aziz,V*-*= lyOO*-*' "^^^j son of 'TJmar (Omar) the second Khalifa after Muhammad. He did not succeed his father in the kMlafat. The Muhammadans consider liim a great lawyer. 'Abdul-'Aziz, j-i>*- author of the Tarikh-i-Husaini, containing the Life of the famous Sadr-uddin Muhammad Husaini Gesu-Daraz, whose tomb is held in the highest veneration at Kulbarga in the Dakhin. This work was dedicated to Ahmad Shah Bahmani in 1445 A. D. 'Abdul-' Aziz bin-Ahmad Dairini (Shaikh.), ^j^^ an Arabian author who died 1294 A, D. 'Abdul-' Aziz Khan, vide 'Aziz. 'Abdul-' Aziz (Maulana Shah), son of Shah Wali- ulluh, a learned Musalman of Dihli. He is the author of a Persian commentary on the Kuran, entitled " Tafsir Fath- ul-'Aziz", and several other works. His death took place in June 1824 A. D. (7th Shawwal, 1239, A. H.) 'Abdul-'Aziz (Shaikh), _>i>*'l «^■^* of Dihli, a learned man who died in the time of the emperor Akbar, A. D. 1567, 975 A. H. 'Abdul-Kadir of Badaon found the chronogram of his death in the following words — " Kutb-i-Tarikat-numa." 'Abdul-'Aziz, emperor of Turkey, son of Sultan Mahmud, succeeded his brother Sultan 'Abdul-Maiid on the 25th June 1861, 1277 A. H. 'Abdul-'Aziz (Shaikh), J..t>*^l <>ac His poetical name was 'Izzat. He held a mansab of 700 in the reign of Aurangzib, and died in the year 1680 A. D., 1091 A. H. He is the author of a poem called Saki-nama. For a detailed biography vide the Majma'-un-Nafdis.'] 'Abdul-Baki, i^'k^^'^^, author of the Maasir-i-Eahimi, or Memoirs of 'Abdur-Eahim Khan, lOian-Khanan, and of all the illustrious nobles, authors, and poets, who re- sided at the court of Akbar. He completed his work in 1616 A. D., 1025 A. H., and died about the year 1642 A. D., 1052 A. H., in the reign of Shah Jahan. For further notes vide Dowson, EUiot's History of India. VI, 237.] 'Abdul £aki, Maulana. He was a Sadr in the beginning of Akbar's reign.] 'Abdul-Basit, (Maulana), C>^ ^"Syo^ the son of Eustam 'AH. He wrote a commentary on the Kuran which he left incomplete. He also wrote a work called 'Ajib-ul-Bayan fi 'uliim-U-Kuran. He died in 1808 A. D., 1223 A. H. 'Abdul-Pattah, ^fifiJl o.^;, author of the Persian work called " Aurad-i-Ghausiya," on Sufism, and of one entitled " Jawa- hir-ul-Kayinat. 'Abdul- Ghaffar, whose fuU title is Shaikh Najm- uddin 'Abdul-Ghaffar ush-Shafi'i' Kazwrnf, is the author of the " Hawi," "Fikah," " Lubab," and " Sharh Lubab " He died in the year 1265 A. D., 663 A. H. ' 'Abdul-Ghafur, of Labor, c^i^^^j^^l was an author and a pupU of 'Abdur-Eahman Jami. He died in the year 1506 A. D., 912 A. H. 'Abdul-Ghafur (Shah), a'-^, commonly called Baba Kapur, a saint whose tomb is at GwaKar. He was a native of Kalpf, and a disciple of Shah Madar. He died in the year 1571 A. D., 979 A. H. Vide Ain Translation, I, p. 539.] 'Abdul-Ghafur, Shaikh, of A'zampur in Sambhal, a pupil of 'Abdul-Kuddus. He died in 995 H.] 'Abdul- Ghani (Mirza), t5^' D-r* a native of Kashmir, wrote under the name of Kabul. He died in the year 1726 A. D., 1139 A. H. ; vide Kabul. 'Abdul-Hakk (Shaikh), (^s-'t of Dihli, surnamed ' Muhaddis', son of Saif-uddm son of Sa'd-ullah Turk. Ho was a descendant of one of Amii- Timur's followers, who had remained at Dihli, after the return of the conqueror to his native land. He is the author of the " Tarikh-i-Hakki," which is more frequently styled " Tarikh-i-'Abdul-Hakk," compiled in the 42nd year of the emperor Akbar's reign, 1596 A. D.. 1005 A. H. He went on a pilgrimage to Mecca and Madina, where he dwelt for a long time, and wrote works upon many subjects — Commentaries, Travels, Sufi doctrines, religion, and history, and his different treatises amount altogether to more than one hundi-ed. The best known are the " Ma-