Page:The Oriental Biographical Dictionary.djvu/43

Aka 31 Aklitar death, of ' AH Mur&.d Khan, ruler of Persia, in 1785 A. D., he made himself master of Isfahan without a hattle, but had for several years to contend with Lutf 'AH Khan, the last prince of the Zand family, before he became sole master of Persia. Lutf 'All Khan was put to death by him in A. D. 1795, 14th Muliarram, 1212 A. H. Aka Muhammad Khan was murdered on the 10th July, 1797, by two of his attendants, whom he had sentenced to death, in the 63rd year of his age. He had been a ruler of a great part of Persia for upwards of 20 years, but had only for a short period enjoyed the undisputed sove- reignty of that country. He was succeeded by his ne- phew Path 'All Shiih, who diedin 1831, 1250 A. H. After him, his grandson Muhammad Shah, the son of 'Abbas Mirza, mounted the thxone and died in 1847, when his son Nasir-uddin Ahmad Shah, the present king of Persia, succeeded him. Aka Razi, u'^J^^y a poet of Persia, who came to India, and after his return home, died in 1615 A. D., 1024 A. H. Aka Hihi, of Nfshapur, an author. Akbarabadi Mahall, '-'■^cS'^'^f^^', A'azz-nn-NisaBe- gam, was the name of one of the wives of the emperor Shah Jahan. The large red stone mosque at Faizbazar in Dihli was built by her in the year A. D. 1651, 1060 A. H., at a cost of 160,000 Rupees. She died on the 29th January, 1677 A. D., 4th ZU-hijja, 1087 A. H., in the reign of 'Alamgir. There is also a masjid inside the city of Agra built by her, called Akbarabadi Masjid. She had a villa also built at Agra. Akbar Ali Tashbilli, tj^i^i^ ^^t. He is men- tioned in the Khulasat-ul-Ash'ar to have been the son of a washerman. He went to India, and turned fakir, but as he was an infidel, his ascetic exercises cannot have been of much use to his soul. He left a diwan of about 8000 verses, and a masnawi, called " Zarra wa Khurshed". He was aUve in 1585 A. D., 993 A. H. Regarding this poet vide Ain Translation, I, 696.] Akbar Khan, the son of Dost Muhammad Khan, ruler of Kkbul by his first wife. He shot Sir W. H. Macnagh- ten on the 26th December, 1841, when his father Dost Iiluhammad Khan was a State prisoner in India. When his father Dost Muhammad Ivhan came in possession of Kabul after the retreat of the EngHsh in 1842, he was appointed heir-apparent in preference to Muhammad Afzal Khan, his eldest son by his second wife. He died in 1848, when his full brother Ghulam Haidar Khan was no- minated heir-apparent, after whose death, in 1858, Sher 'Alf his brother, the present Amfr, was nominated. Akbar, (Prince) the youngest son of the emperor 'Alamgir, was born on the 10th September, 1657, O. S., 11th Zil- hijja, 1067 A. H., raised the standard of rebellion against his father, and joined the Maratha chief Sambhuji in June 1681. He afterwards quitted his court, and repaired to Persia, where he died in 1706, 1118 A. H., a few months before his father, and was buried at Mashhad in Khurasan. '4»lamgii', at one time, intended to make Akbar his successor, and this preference arose from Akbar being the son of a Muhammadan mother, the daughter of Shah Nawaz Khan ; whereas his brothers Sultans Mu'azzam and A'zam were bom of Rajput princesses. Akbar Shah, jjl^i^.^S't, the Great, emperor of Hindustan, surnamed Abul-Fath Jalal-uddm Muhammad, was the eldest son of the emperor Huinayun, and was born in Amarkot in the province of Sindh on Simday the 15th Octo- ber, 1542 A. D., 5th Rajab, 949 A. H., at a time when his father, after being defeated by Sher Shah, had taken refuge with Rana Prashad. At the time of his father's death, Akbar was at Kalanur, where he had been deputed by his father with a considerable force to expel the ex-king Sikan- ,dar Shah Sur from the Siwalik mountains. When infor- mation reached the prince of this mom-nful event, Bairam Khan, and other officers who were present, raised him to the throne on Friday, 14th February, 1556, A D., 2nd Rabi' II, 963 A. H., Akbar being then only 13 years and 9 months old. He enlarged his dominions by the conquest of Gujrat, Bengal, Kashmir, and Sindh. Besides the forts of Atak, Agra, and Allahabad, many military works were erected by him. He also built and fortified the town of Fathpur Sikri, which was his principal residence, and which, though now deserted, is one of the most splendid remains of former grandeur of India. He died after a prosperous reign of 61 lunar years and 9 months on Wednesday, the 16th October, 1605, Old Style, 13th Jumada 11,-1014 A. H., aged 64 lunar years and 11 months. The words " Faut-i- Akbar Shah," (the death of Akbar Shah) are the chi-onogram of his death. He was buried in the village of Sikandra in the environs of Agra, where a splendid mausoleum was built over his remains by his son Jahangfr, which is still in a high state of preservation. He received after his death the title of " Arsh-'Ashyanf," and was succeeded by his son Sultan Salim, who assumed the title of Jahangir. His mother's name was Hamida Banu, com- monly called Maryam-Makam. The history of this poten- tate has been written, with great elegance and precision by his wazu- Abul-Fazl, in a work, entitled the " Akbar- nama." In order to keep his turbulent Umaras, Turks, and Afghans, in check, Hindu chiefs were encouraged by Akbar, and entrusted with the highest powers, botli military and civil, as was the case with Raja Maldeo of Marwar, Bhagwan Das of Amber, Man Singh, his son, and Eaja Todar Mai. He also connected himself and his sons with them by marriage. Both Akbar and his suc- cessor, Jahangir, had amongst their wives several of Hindu origin. Towards the middle of his reign, Akbar became dissatisfied with the Muhammadan religion, and invited to his- court teachers of the Christian, Hindu, and Parsi religions, and took an interest in their discus- sions. He adopted, however, neither, bvit attempted to found a new system of beHef, called ' Di'n-i-Ilahi', which acknowledged one God, and the king as his vicegerent. Akbar Shah II, IS^m ^fj, king of Dihli, whose title in full is Abul-Nasr Mu'in-uddin Muhammad Akbar Sh-ah, was the son of the nominal emperor Shah 'Alam ; was born on Wednesday, 23rd April, 1760, New Style, 7th Ramazan, 1 1 73 H., and succeeded his father at the age of 48, on the 19th of November, 1806 A. D., 7th Ramazan, 1221 H., as titular king of Dihlf. On his accession he made some weak attempts to increase his influence and power. These were properly resisted, but at the same time the pledge given by Lord Wellesley, to increase the allowance of the imperial famUy when the revenue of the country improved, was redeemed by an act of politic liberality. An augmen- tation of ten thousand rupees per mensem was appropriat- ed for the support of his eldest son, whom he had declared heir-apparent. He sat on the throne of his ancestors nearly 32 lunar years ; died on Friday, 28th September, 1837, 28th Jumada II, 1253 A. H., aged about 80 lunar years, and was biiried at Dihli, close to the tom.b of Bahadur Shah. His son Bahadur Shah II, t!ie last king of Dihli, succeeded him. Akbar some time wrote poetry and used the word Shu' a' for his poetical name. Akhfash Ausat, ^JuiL] was caUed Akhfash, because he had small eyes. His proper name is Abul-Hasan Sa'id. He was an author and died in the j-ear 830 A. D. Some say he was born at Balkh and died in 376 A. H. There were three persons of this name, all of whom were authors. Akhfash Asghar, or the lesser, died in 845 A. D. Akhtar, j-i'^l, the poetical name of Kazi Muhammad Sadik Khan, an excellent writer of prose and verse. > Akhtar, j^^, the poetical name of Wajid 'AH Shah, the last king of Audh, now of Garden Reach, Calcutta. I