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'Akidat 32 Al-Amin 'Akidat Khan, lyl^. o^^iS-c, title of Mu- Mahmud, 'brother of Asalat Khan Mashhadi. He came to India in the 14th year of 'Alamgir, A. D. 1670, and was raised to the rank of 1,000 and 400 sawars. 'Akil, d^a*, '■'^ta the brother of 'Ali. There is a story of him that being displeased with his brother 'AH the Khalifa, he went over to Mu'awiya, who received him with great kindness and respect, but desired him to curse 'AH ; and as he would not admit of any refusal, 'Akfl thus addressed the congreg-ation : — " O people! you know that 'AH, the son of Abu-Talib, is my brother : now Mu'awiya has ordered me to curse him ; therefore, may the curse of God be upon him." So that the curse would either apply to 'AH or to Mu'awiya. Akil Khan, j^'^ iS>^, 'Akil Khan, nephew of Afzal Khan wazir, a nobleman of 3,000, who served under the emperor Shah Jahan, and died A. D. 1649, 1059 A. H. Akil Khan, (TTawab), ^^li- Ji'Lc^^ty^ the title of Mir 'As- kan'. He was a native of Ivhawaf in Khurasan, and held the office of wizarat in the time of the emperor 'Alamgir. He was an excellent poet ; and as he had a great respect for Shah Burhan-uddin, entitled Raz-i-Ilahi, he chose the word Eaz'i for his poetical title. He is the author of several works, among which are a Masnawi and Diwan. He died A. D. 1695, 1108 A. H. Videlikzi. Akmal-uddin Muhammad bin-Mahmud, (Shaikh) author of a commentary on the Hidaya, entitled " 'Inaya" or "al-'Inaya". There are two commentaries on the Hidaya, commonly known by that name, but the one much- esteemed for its studious analysis and interpretation of the text, is by this author : it was pubUshed in Calcutta in 1837. This author died in 1384- A. D., 786 A. H. 'Akrima, or more correctly, 'Ikrima, ^'^J^} surname of Abu-' Abdullah, who was a freed slave of Ibn-' Abbas, and became afterwards his disciple. He was one of the greatest lawyers. He died in the year 725 A. D., 107 A. H. Aksir, or more correctly, Iksir (Mirza), ^JA^^'£> j^^'^i] of Isfahan, author of a book of elegies. He served under Nawab Nizam-ul-Mulk Asaf- Jah and Safdar- Jang, and died in Bengal in 1756 N. S., 1169 A. H. Alahdad Sarhind.i, or more correctly, Ilahdad, poeti- cally styled Faizi, a native of Sarhind, and author of a Persian Dictionary called "Madar ul-Afazil". Eegarding this dictionary and its author, vide Journal, As. Socy., Bengal, 1868, p. 10.] Al-Ahnaf, '-^j'^^l, uncle of Yazfd, the second khalifa of the house of Dmayya. At the battle of Sifffn he had fought on the side of 'AH. Several sayings of this celebrated chief are recorded ia the Biographical Dictionary of Ibn KhaUikan. He outlived Mu'awiya. Alahwirdi Khan, (^^JJ or more correctly, Ilahwirdi Khan, a nobleman of the reign of the emperor Jahangir. He was raised to the rank of 5000 in the time of Shah Jahan, and held several offices of importance. He was appointed governor of Patna, and espoused the cause of Sultan Shuja', brother of Aurangzib, A. D. 1658, 1068 A. H., and after the defeat of Shuja', accompanied him to Bengal, where he was slain together with his son Saif-uUah by order of that prince in July 1659, Zil-ka'da, 1069 A. H. The word wlrdc or tvirdt means " a rope", God being the hahl-i-matin, the strong rope which the faithful seize 80 as not to perish.] Alahwirdi Khan, ^'^y or more correctly, Ilahwirdi Khan, title of Ja'far Khan, the son of Ilahwii'di Khan the first. He was raised to the rank of an amir by 'Alamgir, with the title of Ilahwardf Khan 'Alamgfr-Shahi. He was appointed Subadar of Allahab&d, where he died A. D. 1669, 1079 A. H. He was an excellent poet and has left a diwan. Alahwirdi Khan 4_$Cia>.C'jt.^/o ^^l^ tj-ijj or more correctly, AUahwirdi Khan, styled Mahabat- Jang, the usurper of the government of Bengal, was originally named Mirza Muhammad 'AH. His father Mirza Muhammad, a Turkman, a officer in the service of the prince A'zam Shah, on the death of his patron in 1707 A. D., falling into distress, moved from Dihli to Katak, the capital of Orisa, in hopes of mending his fortune under Shuja'-uddin, the son-in-law of Nawab Murshid KuH Ja'far Khan, Subadar of Bengal, who received him with kindness and after some time bestowed on his son the Faujdari of Kajmahall, and pro- cured for him from the emperor a mansab and the title of Allahwardi Khan, and afterwards that of Mahabat- Jang. After the death of Shuja'-uddin, and the accession of his son Sarfaraz Khan to the government of Bengal, AUahwirdi contrived to murder the latter ia 1740 A. D., 1153 A. II., and usurped the government. He reigned sixteen years over the three provinces of Bengal, Bihar, and Orisa, and died on Saturday, the 10th April, 1756, N. S., 9th Eajab, 1169 A. H., aged 80 years. He was buried in Murshidabad near the tomb of his mother in the garden of Khush-Bagh, and was succeeded by his grand-nephew and grandson Mirza Mahmiid, better known by his assumed name of Siraj-ud-daula. It does not appear that AUahwirdi ever remitted any part of the reve- nue to Dihli. Alah Yar Khan, }i or more con-ectly, Hah Yar Khan, (Shaikh), son of Shaikh 'Abdus-Subhan, was formerly emijloyed by Nawab Mubariz-ul-Mulk Sarbaland Khan, governor of Gujrat, and in the reign of the empe- ror Farrukhsiyar was raised to the rank of 6,000, with the title of Kustam Zaman Khan. In the time of the emperor Muhammad Shah, when Eaja Abhai Singh, the son of Eaja Ajit Singh Marwarf, was appointed governor of Gujrat ia the room of Nawab Sarbaland Khan, the latter made some opposition to his successor ; a battle ensued, and Shaikh Hah Ydr, who was then with the nawab, was killed in the action. This took place on the day of Dasahra, 5th October, 1730, 0. S., 8th Eabi' II, 1143 A. H. Alah Yar Khan, ^J.i>. ^J^j^, or more correctly. Hah Yar Khan, son of Iftikhar Khan Turk- man, a nobleman of the court of Shah Jahan. He died in Bengal in A. D. 1650, 1060 A. H. Alah Yar Khan Mir-Tuzuk, iJTy^J^ ^yLLjLiJt^ or more correctly. Hah Yar Khan, a nobleman in the time of the emperor 'Alamgir, who held the rank of 1 500 and died A. D. 1662, 1073 A. H. • ' ' Al-Amin, t^A/c^t, the 6th khalifa of the house of 'Abbas, succeeded his father Harun-ur-EasMd to the thi-one of Baghdad, in March, 809 A. D,, 193 A. H. He was no sooner seated on the throne than he formed a design of excluding his brother al-Mamun from the succession. Accordingly, he deprived him of the furniture of the impel rial palace of Khurasan; and in open violation of his father's mil, who had bestowed on al-Mamun the perpe- tual government of Khurasan and of aU the troops in that province, he ordered these forces to march du-ectly to Baghdad. Upon the arrival of this order, al-JIamun expostulated with the general al-Fazl Ibn Eabfa^ who com-