Alamayo 33 'Ala-ud-daula •imanded his troops, and endeavoured to prevent his marching to Baghdad; but without effect, for he punctually obeyed the orders sent by the khalifa. Al-Fazl having ingratiated himself with the khalifa by his ready compliance with his orders, was chosen prime-minister, and governed with absolute sway, al-Amin abandoning himself entirely to drunkenness. Al-Fazl was a very able minister; but fearing al-Mamun's resentment, if ever he should ascend the throne, he gave al-Amin such advice as proved in the end the ruin of them both. He advised him to deprive al-Mamtin of the right of succession that had been given him by his father, and transfer it to his own son Miisa, though then but an infant. Agreeable to this pernicious advice, the khalifa sent for his brother al-Kasim from Mesopotamia, and recalled al-Mamun from Khurasan, pretending he had occasion for him as an assistant in his coimcils. By this ill-treatment al-Mamun was so much provoked, that he resolved to come to an open rupture with his brother. A war soon after broke out between them. Tahir ibn-Husain, the general of al-Mamun, laid siege to Baghdad, took it, and having seized al-Amin, cut off his head, and exposed it to public view in the streets of Baghdad. Afterwards he sent it to al-Mamun in Khurasan, together with the ring or seal of the khilafat, the sceptre and the imperial robe. At the sight of these, al-Mamiin fell down on his knees, and retxrrned thanks to God for his success, making the courier who brought the insignia a present of a million of dirhams. The death of al-Amin took place on the 6th October, 813 A. D., 6th Safar, 198 A. H. He was then 30 years of age, and had reigned but four years and some months.
Alaniayo, (Prince), the son of king Theodore of Abyssinia. After the fall of Magdala and the death of his father, 10th April, 1868, he was sent to England to be educated.
'Alamgir I, عالمگیر پادشاه emperor of Hindústán, surnamed Abul-Ẓafar Muḥi-uddín Muhammad Aurangzíb, took the title of 'Álamgir on his accession to the throne. He was the third son of the emperor Sháh Jahán, born on Sunday, 10th October, 1619 O. S., 11th Ẕil-ḳa'da, 1028 H. His mother's name was Arjmand Bánú, surnamed Mumtáz-Maḥall. In his youth, he put on the appearance of religious sanctity, but in June, 1668, Ramẕán, 1068 H., during his father's illness, he in conjunction with his brother Murád Bakhsh, seized Ágra, and made his father prisoner. Murád was soon after imprisoned by 'Álamgir, who marched to Dihlí, where he caused himself to be proclaimed emperor on the 21st July of the same year, 1st Ẕil-ḳa'da, 1068 H., but was not crowned till the first anniversary of his accession, a circumstance which has introduced some confusion in the chronology of his reign. Soon after, he put Murád Bakhsh and his eldest brother the heir-apparent Dárá Shikoh to death. He greatly enlarged his dominions, and became so formidable, that all Eastern princes sent ambassadors to him. He was an able prince, but a bigoted Sunní, and attempted to force the Hindús to adopt that faith, destroying their temples, and levying the capitation tax (jizya) from every Hindú. The feudatory chiefs of Rájpútáná successfully resisted the impost. He died after a reign of 50 lunar years at Ahmadábád in the Dakhin, on Friday, the 21st of February, 1707 O. S., 28th Ẕil-ḳa'da, 1118 H., aged 90 lunar years and 17 days, and was interred in the court of the mausoleum of Shaikh Zain-uddín, in Khuldábád, 8 kos from the city of Aurangábád. After his death, he received the title of "Ḥaẕrat Khuld-Makán", (i.e. He whose place is in paradise). He was married in the 19th year of his age to a daughter of Sháhnawáz Khán, the son of 'Ásaf Khán the prime minister of the emperor Jahángír, by whom he had 6 sons and 5 daughters. His eldest son, named Sulṭán Muhammad, died before his father; his second son was Muhammad Mu'azzam who succeeded him with the title of Sháh 'Álam Bahádur Sháh; the third A'zam Sháh was slain in battle fought against the latter; the fourth Muhammad Akbar, who revolted against his father, took refuge in Persia and died there; the fifth Kám Bakhsh who was also slain in battle. The names of his 4 daughters are,—Zeb-un-Nisá, Zínut-un-Nisá, Badr-un-Nisá, and Mihr-un-Nisá.
'Alamgir II, 'Aziz-uddin, was the son of the emperor Jahandar Shah by Anup Baf; was $1born in 1688 A. D., 1099 A. H., and raised to the throne in the fort of Dihli by 'Imad-ul-Mulk Ghazi-uddin Khan the wazir, on Sunday the 2nd June, 1754, N. S., 10th Sha'ban, 1167 A. H., after the deposition and imprisonment of Ahmad Shah, the son of the emperor Muhammad Shah. He was, after a nominal reign of 5 years and some months, assassinated by the same person who had placed him on the throne, on the 29th November, 1759, N. S., 8th Eabi' II, 1173 H., and was interred in the platform before the mausoleum of the emperor Hu mayun. His son 'All Gauhar (afterwards Shah 'Alam) being then in Bengal, Muhiy-ul-Sunnat, son of Kam Bakhsh, the son of the emperor Aurangzfb, was seated on the throne, with the title of Shah Jahan, and iusulted by the empty name of emperor for some months, after which on the 10th October 1760 N. S., 29th Safar, 1174 H., the Marathas having plundered Dihli, prince Mirza Jawan Bakht, the son of 'All Gauhar, was placed on the throne by the Maratha chief Bhao, as regent to his father, who was still in Bengal.
Alap Arsalan, vide Alp Arsalan.
Alaptigin or Alptigin, one of the chief nobles of Bukhara, and governor of Khurasan during the reign of the house of Saman. Having in 962 A.D. renounced his allegiance to that coiu-t, he retired, with his followers, to Ghazni, then an insignificant town, to escape the resentment of Amir Mansiir Samam, whose elevation to the throne he had opposed, on the ground of his extreme youth. He established a petty principality, of which Ghazni became the capital. He died A.D. 976,366 A. H., when his son Abu-Is-hak succeeded him; but that weak and dissipated prince survived his father but a short time; and the suffrage of all ranks gave the rule to Subiktagin, a chief in the service of Alaptigin in 977 A. D., 367 A. H.
Al-Aswad, "ij-"^'^ an impostor, vide Musailama. 'Ala-ud-daula, *! ^'>-'t y-^, vide Ala-ud-daula. 'Ala-ud-daula, *J, ii. Jiy* (Prince), the son of Baisanghar Mirza and grandson of Shahrukh Mirza, after whose death in A.D. 1447, he ascended the throne at Hirat, but was soon driven from it by his uncle Ulugh Beg. After the death of Ulugh Beg, A.D. 1449, he was imprisoned and blinded by his brother Sultan Babar. He died in A.D. 1459, A. H. 863.
'Ala-ud-daula, iij-^h wly^ a Nawab of Bengal. Vide Sarfaraz Khan.
'Ala-ud-daula, (Mir or Mirza), a poet whose poetical name was Kaff. He is the author of a biography of those poets who flourished in the reign of the "emperor Akbar. The time of his death is not known, but he was living at the time of the conquest of Chitor'by Akbar in 1567 A. D., 975 A. H. There is some mistake in his poetical name; he appears to be the same person who is mentioned under the poetical name of. Kami, which see.
'Ala-ud-daula Samnani, ^ill*« A^yh^^^, one of the chief followers of the Sufi Junaid Baghdadi. In his youth he served Arghun Khan, the Tartar king of Persia, and his uncle Sharaf-uddin Samnani was a nobleman at the court. He died on Friday the 8th of March 1336 A. D., 23rd Eajab, 736 A. H., aged 77 lunar years, six years before Khwaja Kirniani.
