§ 11[1]
We have dealt with the social and economic disorder of the European communities, and the rapid return of the "class-war" to the foreground of attention, before giving any account of the work of world settlement that centred on the Peace Conference at Paris, because the worried and preoccupied state of everyone concerned with private problems of income, prices, employment, and the like goes far to explain the jaded atmosphere in which that Conference addressed itself to the vast task before it.
The story of the Conference turns very largely upon the adventure of one particular man, one of those men whom accident or personal quality picks out as a type to lighten the task of the historian. We have in the course of this history found it very helpful at times to focus our attention upon some individual, Buddha, Alexander the Great, Yuan Chwang, the Emperor Frederick II and Charles V and Napoleon I for example, and to let him by reflection illuminate the period in which he lived. The conclusion of the Great War can be seen most easily as the rise of the American President, President Wilson, to predominant importance in the world's hopes and attention, and his failure to justify that predominance.
President Wilson (born 1856) had previously been a prominent student and teacher of history, constitutional law, and the political sciences generally. He had held various professorial chairs, and had been President of Princeton University (New Jersey). There is a long list of books to his credit, and they show a mind rather exclusively directed to American history and American politics. There is no evidence that he had at any time in his life made a general study of the world problem outside the very peculiar and exceptional American case. He was mentally the new thing in history, negligent of and rather ignorant of the older things out of
- ↑ Among the books consulted here, for this and the two following sections, were Dr. Dillon's Peace Conference; H. Wilson Harris's The Peace in the Making and President Wilson, his Problems and his Policy; J. M. Keynes's Economic Consequences of the Peace; Weyl's The End of the War; Stallybrass's Society of States; Brailsford's A League of Nations; F. C. Howe's Why War?; L. S. Woolf's International Government; J. A. Hobson's Towards International Government; Lowes Dickinson's The Choice before Us; Sir Walter Phillimore's Three Centuries of Treaties, and C. E. Fayle's Great Settlement.
