Villeins, 237, 254, 337, 480, 486, 523-24
Vilna, 552
Vinci, Leonardo da, 602, 605-06
Vinland, 223, 230, 395
Virgate, 235
Virgin, the, 624; and see Madonnas
Visconti, House of, 580
Visconti, Bianca, 580
Visconti, Gian Galeazzo, 590
Visconti, Valentine, 636
Viscount, 269
Visigoths, see West Goths
Vision of Piers the Ploughman , 516-17, 562-65Vistula River, 17, 42, 139, 308, 544
Vita Nuova , 411, 415Viterbo, 464
"Voices," of Joan of Arc, 528
Volga River, 17, 58, 549, 556
Vosges Mountains, 12, 17, 88, 166
Voyages of Discovery, 394, 609-14, 633
Vulgate , 113, 593
Wager of battle, 51, 205, 469, 497
Wages, 498, 516, 523
Waiblingen, 350
Waldensians, 443, 448, 450
Waldo, Peter, 443, 450
Wales, 12, 29, 164, 167, 222, 398, 406, 484, 487-88, 519; and see Welsh
Walid, Caliph, 180.
Wallace, Sir William, 488
Wallachia, 140, 453, 554, 556, 558
Walled towns, 24; gates, 33; Rome walled again, 54, 226-27; barbarian invaders, and, 83, 91, 135, 152, 179; medieval, 315, 327, 329-30, 337, 367-69, 451, 494, 505, 518, 578, 629
Walloons, 269
Walsingham, 368
Walter of Brienne, 466
Walter the Penniless, 315
Walther von der Vogelweide, 406
Wapentake, 221, 478
Wardship and marriage, 243, 257, 277, 480
Warfare, and history, 2, 5, 9; and geography, 12; and citizenship, 26; Roman, 28 ; among early Germans, 43, 46-47, 127; of mounted nomads, 57; early Christian opposition to, 104; Mohammedan, 176; chief pursuit of Charlemagne, 199; feudal, 249-52, 256, 274; crusades, 315, 324; interurban in Italy, 348, 576; literature of, 400, 402; of Philip Augustus, 493; of the fourteenth century, 531; of the Hussites, 570; of the condottieri , 576-77, 580; and see Army, Invasions, Knights, Mercenaries, Private War
Wars of Religion, 339, 544
Wars of the Roses, 614, 628-29
Warwick, the King-Maker, 628
Welf, House of, 349-50
Welsh dialect, 398
Welsh people, 434, 630
Wends, 216, 228, 544
Wenzel, Holy Roman Emperor, 539 , 553, 570
Wergeld , 47, 52, 123Wessex, Kingdom of, 220
West Franks, 213, 219, 261, 266, 399
West Goths, 4, 55, 75-85, 87-90 , 111, chap. vii , 128, 138, 149-50, 157, 160, 169, 178-79, 187, 554
West Indies, 610
Westminster, 476
Westminster Abbey, 430
Westphalia, 534, 539
West Prussia, 546
West Saxons, 202, 220
Wettin dynasty, 540
Whitby, Synod of, 167
White Huns, see Ephthalites
White Sea, 12, 17, 223
"White Shirt" (Greenland), 223
Widows, 46, 92, 173-74; feudal, 243, 270-71, 491; of gild members, 331; 515
Widukind, 375
Will, see Langland
William I, or the Conqueror, King of England, 246, 270, 275-77 , 292-93, 295, 312, 376, 459, 474, 477-79
William II, or Rufus, 293, 314, 380, 48c
William V, Duke of Aquitaine, 273
William VIII, Duke of Aquitaine, 272
William IX, Duke of Aquitaine, 405
William, Count of Holland, 470
William of Conches, 378-79, 384-85
William of Lorris, 405
William of Roches, 508
William of Rubruk, 393, 452
Willibrord, 167
Wills, 52, 294, 460
Winchester, 368; cathedral, 423
Windows, house-, 339, 369, 388; splayed,422 ; rose-, 428; lancet, 431; in Renaissance buildings, 600; and see Clear-story, Stained glass
Winfrith, see Boniface, St.
Wisby, 369, 543
Wissendi , 534Witan, 222, 276
Witchcraft, 528-29, 534
Wittelsbach, House of, 539
Woden, 45
Wolsey, 530
Woman, position of, in Roman law,
