124
I. Allgemeines und Sprache. Vedic Grammar.
'abuses'), meh-a-tnu-, N. of a river {miha-ti), a-riij-a-tnu- 'breaking' (rujd-ti 'breaks').
3. With connecting -/-: drav-i-tml- 'running' {dru- 'run'); from causative stems: tanay-i-tnu- 'thundering', dravay-i-tnic- 'hasting' {dru- 'run'), posay-i-tnu- 'causing to thrive' {Ypus-), maday-i-tnii- 'intoxicating' {Ymad-), 'causing sweetness to flow' ( Ysud-), stanay-i-trn't- m. an-amay-i-tnu- 'not making ill', 'curative' (]Aa»«-).
suday-i-imi- 'thunder' {Ysiaji-);
-tra : agent.
152. This suffix was doubtless originally formed by a secondary -a added to -/;- (the weak form of tar-). But having early attained an independent character, it came to be largely employed as a primary suffix. It is used to form some half dozen adjectives' and about 60 substantives, the latter being neuters except about a dozen (partly masc. and partly fem.) The substantives generally express the means or instrument by which the action of the verb is performed, sometimes the place where it is performed. The root is generally accented and has Guna; but it is sometimes unaccented and has a weak vowel. The suffix is generally added directly to the root, but in about a dozen instances with a connecting vowel.
1. Attached directly to the root: adjectives: jdi-tra-^ 'victorious', sva-trd-'- 'invigorating'; with reduplication: y^^?i-^ra- 'calling aloud' ( ]A/^«^-).
m. a-trd-i 'eater', us-tra-^ 'buffalo', ddms-tra- 'tusk' {dams- 'bite'), mdn-tra- 'prayer'; with weak (etymologically doubtful) root: pu-trd- 'son', mi-trd-i 'friend', vr-trd-^ 'foe'.
f. ds-tra- 'goad' (tf/- 'reach'), nas-irS- (AV. VS.) 'destroyer' {Ynas'-), ma-tra- 'measure', ho-tra- 'sacrifice'.
n. With accent on the root: d-tra-9 'food', kdr-tra- (AV.) 'spell', kse-ira- 'field', ksno-tra- 'whetstone', ga-ira- 'hmb', /nS-tra- (VS.) 'intellectual faculty', tdn-tra- 'warp', dd-tra-^° 'gift', da-ira- 'knife', dhdr-tra- 'support' (VS. TS.), pdt-tra- (VS.)" 'wing', pa-tra- 'cup', (pa- 'drink'), pes-tra- (AV.) 'bone', mU-tra- (AV.) 'urine', medhra- (AV.) 'penis', ySk-tra- 'rope', vdr-tra- (AV.) 'dam', vds-tra- 'garment', sro-tra- 'ear', su-tra- (AV.) 'thread' (siv- 'sew').
With accent on the suffix and often with an abstract meaning: as-trd- (AV.) 'missile', ksa-trd-^ 'dominion'; da-trd- 'share', des-ird- 'indication' {Ydis-), ne-trd- (AV.) 'guidance', ras-trd- 'dominion', sas-trd- (VS.) 'invocation', sas-trd- 'command', sat-trd- 'sacrificial session', sto-trd- 'praise', stha-trd- 'station', ho-trd- 'sacrifice'.
2. With connecting vowel -a-: dm-a-tra- 'violent', ydj-a-ira- 'adorable'; krnt-d-ira- 'shred' , gay-a-trd- 'song' , pdi-a-ira- 'wing',vddA-a-fra- 'deadly weapon', f. var-a-tr&- 'strap'; with -/-: khan-i-tra- 'shovel', car-i-tra- 'ioQt',jan-i-tra- 'birth- place', pav-i-tra- 'sieve', bhar-i-tra- 'arm', bhav-i-tra- 'world', san-i-tra- 'gift'; with -u- tdr-u-tra-^^ 'overcoming'.
1 These have mostly masc. forms, some neuter; the only one which has fem. forms is ydjatra- 'deserving adoration'.
2 Six or seven masculines and five femi- nines.
3 With exceptional Vrddhi of the radical syllable.
4 From iva- = sii- 'swell'.
5 For ai-trd- hom. ad-' e3.t'. Cp. p. 125, note'.
6 With weak root though accented.
7 Occurs in the RV. as a u. when it means 'friendship'.
8 Occurs also as a n. in the RV. when plural.
9 For at-tra- from ad- 'eat'.
1° Probably for dal-ira- from the present- stem of da- 'give'.
»i Only at the end of a compound in the RV.
12 naksaira- 'asterism' is perhaps a com- pound. Cp. above 81, 2 a.
'3 Cp. tar-u-tm-- 'victor'.
