Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/252

I. ALLGEMEINES UND SPRACHE. 4. VEDIC GRAMMAR. L. f. dhuri, puri. n. súar*. Du. N. A. m. vrtra-túra, sanā-júra 'long grown old', su-dhúrā. f. dvárā; mithas-turā 'alternating'; with au: dvárau, dhúrau. 242 - Pl. N. V. m. giras, giras, múras 'destroyers'; ap-túras, a-múras 'destroyers'; gávāśiras, try-àsiras 'mixed with three (products of milk)', dádhy- asiras 'mixed with curds'; dur-dhúras 'badly yoked', dhiya-juras 'grown old in devotion', nis-túras, bandhúras (AV.), vandhiras 'seat of the chariot', vrtra-túras (VS. vI. 34).- f. giras, giras (AV.), taras 'stars'², dvaras³, dvāras, púras; án-apasphuras 'not struggling', amā-júras, mithas-túras. A. m. giras; a-múras, gávaširas, mithas-túras, yávasiras, sam-giras, su-dhúras. - f. giras, dúras, dhúras, púras, psúras5 ‘victuals'; ni-púrast (VS. AV.), parā-púras (VS. AV.), vi-stíras 'expansion', sam-stíras 'con- traction'. I. m. ratha-túrbhis. f. girbhís, purbhís', stybhis 'stars'. D. n. vārbhyás (VS.). G. m. sám-āśirām ‘mixed'. f. girám, purám. L. m. tūrṣú. f. girsi, dhurşú, pūrsú. - n. prtsu-túrsu9 'victorious in battle'. Derivative stems ending in consist 356. B. Derivative stems. of two groups, the one formed with the suffix -ar, the other with -tar. The former is a small group containing only eight stems, the latter is a very large one with more than 150 stems. Both groups agree in regularly distinguishing strong and weak cases. The strong stem ends in ar or -ār, which in the weak forms is reduced to before vowels and before consonants. Both groups further agree in dropping the final of the stem in the N. sing. m. f., which case always ends in -a¹c. They resemble the vowel declension in adding the ending -n in the A. pl. m., and -s in the A. pl. f. and in inserting n before the -am of the G. pl. They have the peculiar, ending ur in the G. sing.". IC - — a. Stems in -ar. 12 357. There are only five simple m. and f. stems in -ar, viz. uş-ár- t. 'dawn', dev-ár- m. 'husband's brother', nánānd-ar- f. 'husband's sister', nár-¹² m. 'man', svásar-¹3 f. 'sister'; and the two compounds svàr-nar- m. 'lord of heaven' and saptá-svasar- 'having seven sisters'. Of these, uşár- shows only case- forms according to the consonant declension, while nár- and svásar- have some according to the vowel declension also. Of nánandar- only the G. and L. sing. and of devár- only the A. sing. and the N. and L. pl. occur. Nearly all case-forms are represented by these five stems taken together. There are also the three neuters áh-ar- 'day', údh-ar- 'udder', and vádh-ar- 'weapon', which occur in the N. A. sing. only. The first two supplement the -an stems áh-an- and úidh-an- in those cases. I This form is used 5 times as a L. sing. dropping the -i like the -an stems, as áhan beside áhani. 2 Strong form of tár- = stár- 'star'. The gender is uncertain. 3 Once the weak form dúras. 4 The strong form dvaras is once used. The accentuation of a weak case, durás, - occurs once. 5 Occurring only in x. 263; it is a n. sing. according to BR. 6 The meaning and derivation of these two words is uncertain; see WHITNEY's note on AV. XVIII. 2²8. 7 From pur 'stronghold' and púr 'abun- dance'. 8 Weak form, accented like a dissyllabic stem. In Kh. 1. 116 normally accented, but spelt with ri as stribhís. 9 With L. pl. ending kept in the first member. Ic In this they resemble the N. m. of nouns of the -an declension. ¹1 Except nár-as and usr-ás. 12 This word is probably derived with the suffix -ar; cp. BRUGMANN, Grundriss 2, p. 359. 1 Here -sar is probably a root; cp. BRUGMANN, op. cit., 2, p. 8, footnote.