Page:Vedic Grammar.djvu/253

VI. DECLENSION. NOUNS. CONSONANT STEMS. - Inflexion. 358. Sing. N. m. hatá-svasā (AV.) 'whose sisters have been slain'. f. svása; saptá-svasã 'having seven sisters'. - n. áhar, údhar, vádhar. A. m. deváram, náram. - f. svásāram. - I. f. svásrä. — D. m. náre; svár-nare. f. svásre. Ab. f. svásur*. G. m. náras. - f. usrás, nánāndur (AV.), svásur. L. m. nári. f. usri and usrám ³, nánāndarit. V. f. usar. - Du. N. A. m. nárā, V. narā and narau. f. svásārā and svásārau.— L. f. svásros. f. svásaras. Pl. N. m. deváras, náras, V. naras, suar-ṇaras. A. m. nin 5. f. usrás, svásīs. I. m. nýbhis. D. m. nýbhyas. Ab. m. nibhyas. f. svásybhis. G. m. narám and nrnám7. L. devişu, nisu. f. svásrām6 and svásīnām. - - - - 243 - 4 The metre requires nánändri (x. 8546). 5 On nin as a metrically shortened form for other cases see PISCHEL, VS. I, p. 42 f. b. Stems in -tar. 359. This group includes two subdivisions, the one forming its strong stem in -tar, the other in -tar. The former consists of a small class of five names of relationship: three masculines, pi-tár- 'father', bhrá-tar- 'brother', náp-tar-8 'grandson', and two feminines, duhi-tár-'daughter', and mā-tár- 'mother'; and the m. and f. compounds formed from them. The second class consists of more than 150 stems (including compounds), which are either agent nouns accented chiefly on the suffix, or participles accented chiefly on the root. These are never used in the f., which is formed with - from the weak stem of the m., e.g. jánitr-í- 'mother' (377). a. This declension is almost restricted to the m. and f. gender. The only n. stems are dhar-tár- 'prop', dhmã-tár- ‘smithy', sthā-tár- ‘stationary”, vi-dhar-tár- ‘meting out'; and from these only about half a dozen forms occur. The only oblique cases met with are the G. sthātur and the L. dhmätárī (Pada -tári). The N. A. sing. which might be expected to appear as -tár, seems to have attained to no fixity of form, as it was of extremely rare occurrence. It seems to be represented by the following variations: sthātar (VI. 496), sthatin (1. 726), sthātúr (1. 585, 68¹, 707), dhartári (IX. 864²; II. 23¹7), vi-dhartári (VIII. 59²; IX. 474) 9. Inflexion. 360. The inflexion is exactly the same in the m. and f. except that the A. pl. m. ends in -tn, but the f. in -tīs. The forms actually occurring, if made from mātár- f. 'mother', as re- presenting a name of relationship, and from janitár- m. 'begetter', as re- presenting an agent noun, would be as follows: Sing. N. mata; janitá. A. mätáram; janitáram. I. mätrá; janitra. D. mätré; janitré. Ab. matur; janitúr. G. matur; janitúr. L. mātári; janitári. V. mátar; jánitar. Du. N. A. mātárā and matárau; janitārā and janitärau. I. janitýbhyām (VS.). D. janitřbhyam. G. mätrós; janitrós. L. matrós; janitrós. I The ending ur in this declension 6 The only two forms in the derivative -(t)ar appears to represent original -yz through declension in which -ām is added direct to rr; cp. LANMAN 426, BRUGMANN, KG. p. 381 the stem. (middle). 7 Often to be read as nynắm; see LAN- MAN 43. 2 The metre requires uşári. As to the sr cp. 57, I u.. 3 The ending -ām is a transfer from the - declension. The metre requires uşárām in which -am is added direct to the stem. 8 In the RV. this stem occurs in weak forms only, being supplemented in the strong by nápat. The TS. (1 3. 4¹) however has the strong form náptāram with long vowel, like svásāram. 9 See LANMAN 422 f. 16*