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FALL OF CEBALLOS.
621

to the treasury.[1] The other act was an official recognition of civil marriages with foreigners, against which the church struggled as a dangerous infringement on its rights.[2]

In accordance with a clause of the new plan, the generals who had assisted in framing it were to elect a successor in case Ceballos resigned. The choice lay presumably between Uraga, already spoken of for the presidency, and Lombardini; but none of those concerned favoring the former, Lombardini obtained the vote.[3] As the depositary, and nothing more, of the executive power, he formed no cabinet, but attended to the different departments with the aid of existing subordinate officials.[4] This was deplorable in several

  1. An immediate payment of $300,000 was to be followed by a similar amount in monthly instalments of $30,000. Although essentially British, the company was headed by Col Sloo of the U. S. The other claimants were not sparing of abuse, to judge by such publications as The Grant to Col Sloo, 1, etc.; Hargous' Memorial, 1-7, dated April 183; Tehuan. Canal, Col., pts 8-9. See also Tehuan., Dictámen Comp. Guan., 1-20.
  2. A Frenchman had attracted persecution for marrying before his consul. Ceballos gave him a small indemnity, and offered to arrange a convention for recognizing such marriages. Rivera is not friendly to Ceballos for aiding to overthrow federal institutions. 'El corto tiempo que gobernó fué una leccion útil para los gobernantes que conspiran.' Gob. de Méx., ii. 418.
  3. Of Uraga and Robles. Méx., Legisl. Mej., 1853, 60-1. See Universal of Feb. 8–9, 1853, and other journals on the change. The choice was due to the mutual jealousies of Uraga and Robles; for the latter was also supposed to have aspirations. Lombardini availed himself of this feeling, while pretending to disclaim personal aims, and prudently casting his vote beyond the circle of the three electors upon Lares, a prominent conservative. Robles' disgust appears to gleam in his defence, issued a few days later, El Comandante à sus Conciud., 1-50, with the usual substantiating documents. Ledo had cause for a similar strain in the disregard shown for him by Uraga and Robles, at whose disappointment he rejoiced. Espos., 66, etc.; Pap. Var., cxcix. pts 8-9. Lombardini's commissioners also came out in a Manifiesto que dirigen los Comis. por la Guarnicion, 1-24. Manuel María Lombardini was a native of the capital, where he was born in 1802. He joined the independents in 1821 as cadet, after which he retired into private life till the yorkino struggle brought him into this party. He rose slowly, till Santa Anna and his relative, Valencia, took him in charge and made him in 1840 a brigadier, and as such he behaved well during the war of 1846-7. His sympathies for Santa Anna and the plan of Jalisco provoked persecution from Arista. Rivera regards him more as a parade officer, with sufficient patriotism to check ambition. Gob. de Méx., ii. 421.
  4. Names in Romero, Mem., 1049-50. Suarez y Navarro, Santa-Anna Burlándose, 193-6, relates that Baranda and Gen. Basadre obtained from the first an influence which Uraga strove hard to dispel. He succeeded, in fact, in obtaining permission to form a cabinet, including Alaman. This choice was so strenuously opposed that a new list was formed, embracing Baranda,