Index:Vol 5 History of Mexico by H H Bancroft.djvu

Title	History of Mexico (Bancroft)/Volume 5
Author	Hubert Howe Bancroft
Year	1885
Publisher	A. L. Bancroft Publishers
Location	San Francisco, California
Source	djvu
Progress	Proofread—All pages of the work proper are proofread, but not all are validated
Transclusion	Fully transcluded
Volumes	Volume 1 Volume 2 Volume 3 Volume 4 Volume 5 Volume 6

Pages (key to Page Status)

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CONTENTS OF THIS VOLUME.
CHAPTER I.
REPUBLICAN ORGANIZATION.
1823-1824.
page
Demoralized Condition of the Army — A Bad Precedent — The New Government Congressional Acts — The Triumvirate — Foreign Loans and Financial Measures — National Coat of Arms and Flag — Federalists and Centralists — Their Press Organs — Political Troubles — Honors to Heroes of the Independence — A Constituent Congress Installed — Acta Constitutiva — Federal System Adopted — Revolutions — Lobato's — Revolt Disturbances in Jalisco — Victoria Elected President — The Constitution — Organization of States and Territories — Union of Chiapas with Mexico — The Federal District	1
CHAPTER II.
CONSTITUTIONAL GOVERNMENT.
1824-1829.
Authorities Inaugurated — President Victoria — Injustice to his Character — Political Situation — Amnesty for Political Offenders — First Ordinary Congress — Arizpe's Character and Public Career — Germs of Future Calamity — Masonic Lodges and Political Parties — Poinsett — The Press — Financial Troubles — Disturbances in Vera Cruz — Novenarios — Plan of Montaño — Bravo's Rebellion and its Suppression — Expatriation of Bravo and Others — The Yorkinos Triumphant — Presidential Election — Imparciales versus Guerrerists — Santa Anna's Rebellion — Revolt of La Acordada — The Parian Sacked — Congressional Action — Guerrero Made President — End of Victoria's Rule — His Last Days and Death	27
CHAPTER III.
DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN RELATIONS.
1823-1829.
Recognition by Foreign Powers — Negotiations with the Pope — Treaties with United States — Poinsett's Public Career — His Notes on Mexico — Diplomatic Relations with Great Britain and France — Treaties with European Nations — Hostility to Spaniards — Royal Plan of Reconquest — Arenas' Plot — Executions and Banishments — Expulsion of Spaniards — Siege of San Juan de Ulúa — The Spanish Commander Capitulates — Departure of the Spanish Garrison — Commodore Porter and Naval Operations — The War Brig Guerrero — Surrender of Ships on the Pacific	46
CHAPTER IV.
FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC TROUBLES.
1828-1831
Spanish Scheme of Reconquest — Barradas' Invasion — His Defeat and Surrender — Rejoicing in Mexico — Monarchical Intrigues — Vicente Guerrero Second President — His Administration — Abolition of Slavery Extraordinary Powers — Party Animosity — Recall of Poinsett — Charges against Ministers — History of Yucatan — Secession of Yucatan — Revolution of Jalapa — Its Effects in Mexico — Provisional Government — Bustamante as the Executive — Guerrero Deposed — War in the South — Treachery against Guerrero — His Capture, Trial, and Execution — Ministers' Impeachment — Honors to Guerrero's Memory	71
CHAPTER V.
CONSERVATIVE RULE.
1830-1832
Despotic Measures — Codallos' Revolution — Yorkino Opposition — Politcal Blunders — Institutions Prostituted — Inclan's Affair — Impending Changes — Santa Anna's Pronunciamiento — His Defeat at Tolome — Siege of Vera Cruz — Its Failure — Revolutions in Tamaulipas — Teran's Suicide — Santa Anna's Reformed plan — It is Seconded Elsewhere — Battle of Los Carmelos — Fall of San Luis Potosí — Its Effects in Mexico — Acting President Muzquiz — Bustamante's Victory in Guanajuato — Santa Anna's Success — Bustamante's Defeats in Puebla — Armistice — Plans of Pacification — The Revolution Triumphant	102
CHAPTER VI.
THE FEDERAL SYSTEM AND ITS OVERTHROW.
1832-1836
Administration of Gomez Pedraza — His Subsequent Career, Character, and Death — Biography of Gomez Farías — His Political Principles and Administration — Disturbances in Michoacan — Santa Anna's Paradoxical Action — Arista's Revolt and its Suppression — First Movements in Favor of Centralism — Political Defeat of Farías — Santa Anna's Biography and Character — Downfall of the Federal System — Santa Anna Dictator — Political Parties and Contests — The New Congress — Centralism Inaugurated The New Constitutional Law — Dissatisfaction — Attempts to Reëstablish Federalism.	125
CHAPTER VII.
TEXAN INDEPENDENCE; MEXICO'S CENTRALIZED GOVERNMENT
1819-1841
Boundary Line — American Aims — Long's Invasions — Colonization Plans — Colonies Formed by Austin and Others — Mexico's Liberal Policy — Coahuila and Texas — Stephen F. Austin's Imprisonment — Texas Separates from Coahuila — Revolutionary Acts — Mexican Troops Assailed — San Antonio de Béjar Taken — Course of the United States Neutrality Violated — American Troops Invade Texas — Declaration of Independence by Texas — Texan Garrison at Álamo Massacred — Battle of San Jacinto, and its Results — President Corro's Administration — President Bustamante — Spain Recognizes Mexican Nationality — Financial Distress — Political Troubles	151
CHAPTER VIII.
THE PASTRY WAR.
1838-1839
Foreign Reclamations — French Demands — Ultimatum and Blockade — Federalist Agitation — Admiral Baudin Appears on the Scene — Conference at Jalapa — The Mexican Gibraltar — Bombardment and Fall of San Juan de Ulúa — Mexico Declares War — Expulsion of Frenchmen — Descent on Vera Cruz — Santa Anna Poses as a Hero and Martyr — Critical Condition of the Government — The Ministry of Three Days — Santa Anna Called to Assist Bustamante — English Mediation — Arrangement with Baudin — Disappointing Result of the French Expedition	186
CHAPTER IX.
FEDERALIST AGITATION.
1838-1840
Checked in the West, the Federalists Rise in the East — Tampico Takes the Lead — The Movement Spreads from Tuxpan to the Rio Grande del Norte — Dilatory Action of Bustamante — Santa Anna Figures as Reformer — His Energy Saves the Government — Defeat and Execution of Mejía — Tampico and Tuxpan Capitulate — Bustamante Resumes the Presidency — Yucatan Secedes from the Republic — Revolution in Tabasco — Urrea's Pronunciamiento at Mexico — Bombardment of the Palace — Failure of the Outbreak — A Monarchical Breeze	206
CHAPTER X.
BASES OF TACUBAYA.
1841-1842.
More Taxes and Less Reform — Paredes Pronounces at Guadalajara Valencia Seconds Him at the Capital — Santa Anna Steps Forward to Assume the Leadership — Bases of Tacubaya — Federalist Counter-pronunciamiento by the President — Mexico again Besieged — Bustamante Resigns — His Character and Rule — Santa Anna Vaults into the Chair — Small Concessions to Cover Large Encroachments and Abuses — Yucatan Defeats the Centralist Troops and Obtains Practical Autonomy — Sentmanat's Invasion of Tabasco — Movements along the Texan Border Claims of the United States and Growing Bitterness	226
CHAPTER XI.
INTRIGUES, MISRULE, AND OVERTHROW OF SANTA ANNA.
1842-1845.
A Prospective Liberal Constitution — Santa Anna Withdraws behind the Arras — Intrigues against Congress — The Chambers Forcibly Dissolved — Installation of the Junta de Notables — New Organic Bases — Further Political Juggling — A Dummy President — Reëlection of Santa Anna — His Ridiculous Vanity and Peculiar Mode of Life — Administrative Corruption and Abuse — Paredes again Pronounces at Guadalajara — Santa Anna Promptly Takes the Field — The Hall of Congress Closed — The Capital Joins the Spreading Movement — Herrera Proclaimed President — Bluster and Vacillation of Santa Anna — His Flight, Capture, Impeachment, and Exile — Efforts at Reform Hampered by Factions	252
CHAPTER XII.
POLITICAL COMMOTIONS.
1845-1847.
José Joaquin de Herrera as Constitutional President — Opposition to his Policy on the Texan Question — Preparations for War — Archbishop Posada's Course — Plan of San Luis Potosí — Herrera Deposed — Paredes as Provisional President — Dissatisfaction — Revolution at Guadalajara — Paredes Overthrown — Santa Anna Recalled — He is Elected President — Gomez Farías as Vice — president Assumes the Executive Office — Santa Anna Supersedes Him	288
CHAPTER XIII.
CAUSES OF WAR WITH THE UNITED STATES.
1836-1848.
Coercive Diplomacy Claims against Mexico Their Remarkable In crease Demands for Adjustment American Hostility and Mexican Forbearance — Diplomatic Relations Suspended and Renewed — Arbitration and its Results — More American Claims and Mexican Counter — claims — Unfairness of the United States Government — Recognition of Texan Independence — Foreign Intrigues — Annexation of Texas — Means of Accomplishment — A Casus Belli — Rupture of Relations — Pressure on Mexico — Warlike Demonstrations — Slidell's Unsuccessful Mission	307
CHAPTER XIV.
CAMPAIGN ON THE RIO GRANDE.
March-May, 1846
Taylor Moves to Point Isabel — Advance against Matamoros — Erection of Fort Texas — Arista Appointed General-in-Chief — The Mexicans Assume the Offensive — Capture of Captain Thornton's Command — Taylor Retires to Point Isabel — Bombardment of Fort Texas — The Battle of Palo Alto — Arista Retreats to Resaca de la Palma — Description of the Field — The Battle — Defeat of the Mexicans — The Garrison at Fort Texas — Death of Major Brown — Arista's Retreat to Linares — Taylor Occupies Matamoros.	346
CHAPTER XV
CAPTURE OF MONTEREY.
May-September, 1846.
The United States Declares War — Scott and the Government at Variance — Call for Volunteers — Gaines' Unadvised Action — The Volunteer Question — Want of a War Plan — March to Monterey — Preparations of the Mexicans — Ampudia Appointed Commander-in-Chief — Description of Monterey — The Siege — Capture of Fort Tenería — Hard Fighting — Worth's Operations — Ampudia Capitulates — Monterey Evacuated — Dissatisfaction in the United States	368
CНAPTER XVI.
OPERATIONS IN THE NORTH — BUENA VISTA.
July, 1846-March, 1847.
Expeditions against New Mexico and California — Doniphan's March to Chihuahua — Battle of Sacramento — Operations of the Gulf Squadron — Taylor's Plans — He Advances to Saltillo — Tampico Evacuated by the Mexicans — Taylor Occupies Victoria and Abandons It — Scott Takes Command — Withdrawal of American Troops — Mexican Preparations — Santa Anna at San Luis Potosí — His March to Agua Nueva — Taylor Takes up a Position at La Angostura — Description of the Pass — Dispositions of the Two Armies — Battle of Buena Vista — The Final Charge Repulsed — Santa Anna Retreats	403
CHAPTER XVII.
SCOTT S MARCH TO PUEBLA.
February-July, 1847.
Taylor Returns to Monterey — Preparations against Vera Cruz — Landing of United States Forces — Apathy of the Mexican Government — Fortifications of Vera Cruz — Siege and Capitulation — Respective Losses — Operations of the Gulf Fleet — Santa Anna's Preparations — He Takes up a Position at Cerro Gordo — Scott Advances into the Interior — Battle of Cerro Gordo — The Height Carried — Scott Enters Jalapa — The Castle of Perote Evacuated — Worth Proceeds to Puebla — Trist Appointed Commissioner to Mexico — His Disagreement with Scott — Attempts at Negotiation with Santa Anna	437
CHAPTER XVIII.
INVASION OF THE VALLEY OF MEXICO.
August, 1847.
Scott Advances — Mustering of the Mexicans — Defences of the Capital — The Chalco Route — A Flank Movement — Valencia's Insubordination — His Ambitious Designs — The Battle of Padierna — Begins Santa Anna's Inaction — The Morning Surprise — Effect of Valencia's Defeat — Bravo Outflanked — Fortifications of Churubusco — Antiquated Tactics — Cannonading the Convent — Critical Position of Shields — The Tâte de Pont — Gallantry of Rincon and Anaya — Santa Anna Retreats within the Gates — Peril of the City	468
CHAPTER XIX.
FALL OF THE CAPITAL.
August-September, 1847.
Panic at Mexico — Scott is Lured into an Armistice — Delusive Peace Negotiations — Patriotic Sentiments — Santa Anna Manœuvring to Gain Time — Mutual Recriminations — Molino del Rey — Capture and Recapture of the Battery — Some Mexican Heroes — A Barren Triumph — Inner Defences of the Capital — The Hill Fortress of Chapultepec — Bombardment and Storming of the Castle — Worth Carries the Gate of San Cosme — Quitman's Operations against Belen — Santa Anna Evacuates the City — Entry of Scott A Patriotic Uprising	489
CHAPTER XX.
END OF THE UNITED STATES WAR.
1847-1848.
Santa Anna's Administration — Anaya's First Term — Federal Constitution Restored — State of Guerrero — Santa Anna Resigns — President Peña and his Efforts for Peace — Invader's Rule and Operations — Santa Anna Deprived of Command — Anaya again President — Peña Succeeds — Peace Policy Continued — Internal Disturbances — War of Races in Yucatan — Treaty with the United States, whose Forces Evacuate Mexico — Gains and Losses — Evils of the War — Paredes Revolution — End of Peña's Administration	524
CHAPTER XXI.
REORGANIZATION UNDER HERRERA.
1849.
Obstacles to Reform — Weakness of the Government — Party Agitation — Opposed by Popular Sentiment — Arrangement with Foreign Creditors — Consolidation of the Interior Debt — Effort to Reduce Expenses Smuggling and Other Inroads on the Revenue Involved Finances — A Succession of Ministerial Changes — Military Corruption — The Service in Disrepute — Its Reconstruction — New Armament — Reduction of Force — The Navy — Militia System — Efforts at Colonization — Military Colonies on the Frontier, and their Value	557
CHAPTER XXII.
WAR OF RACES.
1849-1851.
Race Feeling — Condition of the Indian Population — Hostilities in the Sierra Gorda — A Projected Northern Republic — Border Raids — Scalp — hunting — The War in Yucatan — Attitude of British Settlers in Belize — The Bacalar Expedition — Selling Prisoners into Foreign Slavery — Dissensions among the Rebels — Inefficient Campaign Plans — of Micheltorena and Vega — Revolutionary Movements in the South ern States — Agitation for Religious Tolerance — Presidential Election — Obstacles to Reform Charactr and Services of Herrera	576
CHAPTER XXIII.
ARISTA S ADMINISTRATION.
1851-1852.
A Reformed Turncoat — False Economy — A National Finance Council — Clamoring Creditors — Cabinet Changes — Ramirez as Prime Minister — Inaction of the Chambers — Carbajal Invades the North — east ern Provinces — The Ávalos Tariff — Indian Raids — Severity toward Journalists and Party Leaders — Blancarte Starts the Revolution — Plan of Guadalajara — Uraga Manoeuvring — Attitude of Congress — Growth of the Hostile Party — Vera Cruz Turns the Scale — Resignation of Arista — His Character and Death	596
CHAPTER XXIV.
HIS MOST SERENE HIGHNESS, THE DICTATOR.
1853.
Ceballos is Confirmed as President — Inefficient Measures — Suppression of the Congress — Plan of Arroyozarco — Resignation of Ceballos — Lombardini Succeeds — Nepotism and Corruption — Electoral Campaign — Victory of Santanists and Conservatives — Return of Santa Anna — His Ministry and Policy — A Centralized Administration Reconstruction of the Army and its Object — Favoritism, Espionage, and Persecution — A Few Redeeming Efforts — Death of Alaman, the Great Conservative Leader — Pomp and Arrogance of the Dictator — Orders and Titles — Visions of Empire	615
CHAPTER XXV.
OVERTHROW OF DICTATORIAL RULE.
1854-1855.
Santa Anna's Despotism and its Consequences — Plan of Ayutla — Juan Álvarez and Ignacio Comonfort — Santa Anna's Campaign in Guerrero — Disturbed Condition of Mexico — Sale of National Territory A Farcical Plebiscit — Santa Anna Confirmed in Power — His Attempt at a Change of Policy — Conservative Opposition — End of Santa Anna's Public Career — Counter-revolution in Mexico — President Carrera — His Conciliatory Efforts — Reactionary Intrigues Liberal Triumph — Álvarez Chosen Provisional President	646
CHAPTER XXVI.
LIBERAL INSTITUTIONS RESTORED.
1855-1856.
President Álvarez Administration — Reforms Initiated — Ley Juarez Differences in the Liberal Party — Álvarez Retires — Ignacio Comonfort, the Substitute President — His Conciliatory Policy — Difficulties with the Clergy and Military — Seditious Movements — Puebla Campaign — Decrees against the Clergy — Congressional Work Raousset's and Walker's Invasions — Resignation of Álvarez — Dissensions between the Executive and Congress — Estatuto Orgánico Adoption of Liberal Principles	666
CHAPTER XXVII.
CONSTITUTION AND REFORMS.
1856-1857.
Comonfort Suspected — Archbishop La Garza's Course — Ley Lerdo — Comonfort and Congress Reconciled — Constitution of 1857 — Rebellious Clergy — Second Puebla Campaign — More Seditious Acts Negotiations with the Pope Fail — More Suspicions against Comonfort — Political Confusion — Laws Affecting the Clergy — Conservative Manœuvres — Liberal Demands — Comonfort's Vacillation	690
CHAPTER XXVIII.
DOWNFALL OF LIBERAL INSTITUTIONS.
1857-1858.
Conservative Intrigues — Talk of a Coup d'Etat — Spanish Complications — Comonfort's Vacillating Course — Hostility of the Clergy Continues — Congress Installed — Comonfort Avows Liberalism — His Election as Constitutional President — Promises Made and Violated — Plan of Tacubaya — Comonfort Becomes its Chief — Action of Congress Arrest of Juarez and Others — Reactionists Victorious — Comonfort's Overthrow — Civil War in Full Blast — Zuloaga, Reactionary Presi dent — Juarez, Constitutional President — His Narrow Escape from Capture — He Establishes his Government in Vera Cruz	715
CHAPTER XXIX.
STRIFE FOR SUPREMACY.
1858-1859.
President Juarez — His Government at Vera Cruz — War Operations — Zuloaga's Difficulties — His Change of Policy — Echeagaray's Pronunciamiento and Plan — Robles Pezuela's Reformed Plan — Zuloaga Set Aside — Miramon Comes to the Front — Zuloaga Reinstated — Robles Pezuela Retires — Zuloaga Names a Substitute — Miramon as President — His Campaign in Vera Cruz a Failure — Battle of Tacubaya — Constitutionalists' Defeat — A Day of Horrors and its Evil Consequences	738
CHAPTER XXX.
TRIUMPH OF THE CONSTITUTIONALISTS.
1859-1861.
United States Recognition of Juarez — Miramon's Action — Confiscation of Church Property — Interior Campaign of 1859 — Treaties Miramon's Second Expedition to Vera Cruz — United States Armed Intervention — Interior Campaign of 1860 — Miramon's Return to Mexico and Resignation — President Pavon — Miramon's Title to the Presidency — Approach of Constitutionalists — Miramon's Defeat and Escape — Juarez Triumphant Entry into Mexico	765