Page:Willich, A. F. M. - The Domestic Encyclopædia (Vol. 4, 1802).djvu/437

CAL if it be agitated till a spoon will nearly stand upright, the butter thus obtained is held in great esteem. As soon as the milk acquires a pro- per consistence, it is poured into a churn ; worked for an hour ; and, when the butter begins to form, one or two pints of cold water are added, in proportion to the capa- city of the vessel j with a view to separate the former with greater facility. After the butter is taken out of the churn, it is repeatedly washed and kneaded in pure water, till the last affusion be clear and free from milk. In this simple manner, a larger portion of butter is gained from an equal quantity of milk ; and which is not only more firm and sweet, but also remains fresh for a longer time than that usually made in England, while the butter- milk is more palatable. Beside the different modes of curing butter, already described, it may be easily preserved in a sweet ptate, by melting it down in large vessels over a slow fire ; care be- ing taken to remove the scum that rises to the surface. This method being adopted by the Tartars, we have inserted it on the authority of Mr. Eton ; who states (in his late interesting " Survey of tke Turkish Empire" &c. 8vo.), that he has used butter, thus boiled, and then salted, as is usual in Britain ; in which state it remained perfed- CAL [403 ly sweet for the space of two years. BUTTER-CUP.— Although we have not been favoured with any communications, respect!'.^ the harmless or pfisonous properties of this vegetable, yet we are happy to state the following fa6t, for the information of our country readers: its acrimony is so volatile, that its virulence is totally dissipated by drying. When made into hay, it is perfe6tly harmless, nay, even nutritious to cattle. For this im- portant discovery, we are indebted to Dr. PoLTENEY (" TraTisaHions of the Linncean Society," vol. v.), who extends the same observation to the Lesser Spearwort, the Bulbous, the Round-leaved Water, and the Common Crow-foot: he farther remarks, that the avi- dity with which sheep, cows, and horses eat the last mentioned plant, is an exception to the commonly received opinion, that animals are led by instindl to reject what is noxious. BUTTERFLY. —The diversi- fied insefts of this denomination are justly admired for their beauti- ful shades of colouring; but, as their larvae or grubs, and chrysa* lids, do extensive injury to fruit- trees, Mr. Forsyth dire6ts thera to be carefully colletled and de-. stToyed ; after which the trees must be washed with a mixture of lime and tobacco- water. c. CALENDER.-— In the year 1797, the Society for the Encou- ragement of Axt» conferred a re- ward of 30 guineas on Mr. Ed- mund Bunting, for his improve- ment of calccder-noiUs.— The me- P d 2, chanisQl