Page:Willich, A. F. M. - The Domestic Encyclopædia (Vol. 4, 1802).djvu/438

404] CAN chanism of Mr, B.'s ingenious con- trivance being such as cannot be described without delineation, the inquisitive reader vi consult the 15th vol. of the Society's " Trans- atlions," where the whole is illus- trated with an engraving. We shall, therefore, only add, that these improvements have received the sandion of able mechanics, who consider them as a valuable acquisition to calendercrs ; and ■who, from its cheapness and prac- ticability, conceive them to be worthy of public attention. CANDLE.— A method of mak- ing this useful article with wooden tricks, is pra6tised at Munich, in Bavaria ; and, as it promises to be of great utility, we lay the follow- ing account before our economical readers. The wood generally used for this purpose, is that of the tir-tree, vhen one year old ; though pine, willow, or other kinds are fre- quently employed : the young shoots must first be deprived of their bark, by scraping; which operation ought to be repeated af- ter they become dry, till they be reduced to the size of a small straw. These rods are next to be rubbed over with tallow, or wax, so as to be covered with a thin coating of either of these sub- stances; after which they should be rolled on a smooth table, in fine carded cotton, of the same lengtli as the rod or candle-mould j care being taken that the cotton be of an uniform thickness around the wick, excepting at the upper ex- tremity, where it may be made somewhat thicker. By this pre- paration, the wicks will acquire the size of a small quill, when they must be placed in moulds, in the usual manner; and good. CA^/ Jresh tallow, that has prevlonsfy been melted with a little water, bs poured around them. The candles, thus manufaftured, emit nearly the same volume of light as those made of wax : they burn considerably longer than the common tallow- caudles ; never crackle or run ; and, as they do not flare, are less prejudicial to the eyes of those persons who are accustomed to long-continued lu- cubrations. It ought, however, to be observed, that a pair of sharp scissars must be employed for snnfting such candles ; because, in performing that operation, great precaution is required, that the wick be neither broken nor de- ranged. CANKER.— The general opi- nion respefting the cause of this disease is, that it proceeds cbieflr from the nature of the soil, as stated vol. ii. p. 433. Mr. For- syth, however, proves from ex- perience, that it originates from the i following circumstances, namely : j injudicious pruning; leaving the i foot-stalks of fruit on trees after it ■ has been gathered ; bruises arising from the use of ladders in coUeft- ing fruit ; nailing trees against walls, with too tight trelisses ; wet autumns, which prevent the young ] wood from ripening, and are suc- ceeded by severe frosts that kill the shoots ; birds and inserts devour- ing the buds ; and, lastly, from carelessly leaving dead shoots oa j trees, throughout the summer. I From whatever cause the canke- may arise, Mr. Forsyth direi; aU the diseased parts to be cut out, and the composition to be applied, in the manner described p. 238 of ^the present volume. Should any gum be observed to exude after such excision, Mr. F, states it to b«