The Geographical Distribution of Animals/Chapter 12.2

by Alfred Russel Wallace

TABLES OF DISTRIBUTION.

In constructing these tables, showing the distribution of various classes of animals in the Oriental region, the following sources of information have been chiefly relied on, in addition to the general treatises, monographs, catalogues, &c., used for the compilation of the Fourth Part of this work.

Mammalia.—Jerdon's Indian Mammalia; Kelaart's Fauna of Ceylon; Horsfield and Moore's Catalogue of the East India Museum; Swinhoe's Catalogue of Chinese Mammalia; S. Müller's Zoology of the Indian Archipelago; Dr. J. E. Gray's list of Mammalia of the Malay Archipelago (Voyage of Samarang); and papers by Anderson, Blyth, Cantor, Gray, Peters, Swinhoe, &c.

Birds.—Jerdon's Birds of India; Horsfield and Moore's Catalogue; Holdsworth's list of Ceylon Birds; Schlegel's Catalogue of the Leyden Museum; Swinhoe on the Birds of China, Formosa, and Hainan; Salvadori on the Birds of Borneo; Lord Walden on the Birds of the Philippine Islands; and papers by Blyth, Blanford, Elwes, Elliot, Stoliczka, Sclater, Sharpe, Swinhoe, Verreaux, and Lord Walden.

Reptiles.—Günther's Reptiles of British India; papers by same author, and by Dr. Stoliczka.

TABLE I.

FAMILIES OF ANIMALS INHABITING THE ORIENTAL REGION.

Explanation.

Names in italics show families peculiar to the region.

Numbers correspond with those in Part IV.

Names enclosed thus (......) barely enter the region, and are not considered really to belong to it.

Order and Family	Sub-regions				Range beyond the Region.
	Hindostan.	Ceylon.	Indo-China.	Indo-Malaya.
MAMMALIA.
Primates.
1. Simiidæ			—	—	W. Africa
2. Semnopithecidæ	—	—	—	—	Tropical Africa
3. Cynopithecidæ	—	—	—	—	All Africa, S. Palæarctic
6. Lemuridæ		—	—	—	Ethiopian
7. Tarsiidæ				—	Celebes
Chiroptera.
9. Pteropidæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian, Australian
11. Rhinolophidæ	—	—	—	—	The Eastern Hemisphere
12. Vespertilionidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
13. Noctilionidæ	—	—	—	—	Tropical regions
Insectivora.
14. Galeopithecidæ				—
16. Tupaiidæ		—	—	—
17. Erinaceidæ	—	—		—	Palæarctic, S. Africa
21. Talpidæ			—		Palæarctic, Nearctic
22. Soricidæ	—	—	—	—	Palæarctic, Ethiopian, N. America
Carnivora.
23. Felidæ	—	—	—	—	All regions but Australian
25. Viverridæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian, S. Palæarctic
27. Hyænidæ	—				Ethiopian, S. Palæarctic
28. Canidæ	—	—	—	—	All regions but Australian [?]
29. Mustelidæ	—	—	—	—	All regions but Australian
31. Æluridæ			—		Palæarctic
32. Ursidæ	—	—	—	—	Palæarctic, Nearctic, Chili
Cetacea.					Oceanic
Sirenia.
42. Manatidæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian, N. Pacific
Ungulata.
43. (Equidæ)	—				Palæarctic, Ethiopian
44. Tapiridæ				—	Neotropical
45. Rhinocerotidæ			—	—	Ethiopian
47. Suidæ	—	—	—	—	Palæarctic, Ethiopian, Neotropical
49. Tragulidæ	—	—	—	—	W. Africa
50. Cervidæ	—	—	—	—	All regions but Ethiopian and Australian
52. Bovidæ	—	—	—	—	All regions but Australian and Neotropical
53. Elephantidæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian
Rodentia.
55. Muridæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite, excl. Oceania
56. Spalacidæ			—	—	Palæarctic, Ethiopian
61. Sciuridæ	—	—	—	—	All regions but Australian
67. Hystricidæ	—	—	—	—	S. Palæarctic, Ethiopian
70. Leporidæ	—	—	—		All regions but Australian
Edentata.
72. Manididæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian
BIRDS.
Passeres.
1. Turdidæ	—	—	—	—	Almost Cosmopolite
2. Sylviidæ	—	—	—	—	Almost Cosmopolite
3. Timaliidæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian, Australian
4. Panuridæ			—		Palæarctic
5. Cinclidæ	—	—	—	—	Not Ethiopian or Australian
6. Troglodytidæ			—	—	American and Palæarctic
8. Certhiidæ	—		—	—	Palæarctic, Nearctic, Australian
9. Sittidæ	—	—	—	—	Palæarctic, Nearctic, Australian, Madagascar
10. Paridæ	—	—	—	—	The Eastern Hemisphere and North America
11. Liotrichidæ			—	—
12. Phyllornithidæ	—	—	—	—
13. Pycnonotidæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian, Moluccas
14. Oriolidæ	—	—	—	—	The Eastern Hemisphere
15. Campephagidæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian, Australian
16. Dicruridæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian, Australian
17. Muscicapidæ	—	—	—	—	The Eastern Hemisphere
18. Pachycephalidæ			—	—	Australian
19. Laniidæ	—	—	—	—	The Eastern Hemisphere and North America
20. Corvidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
23. Nectariniidæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian, Australian
24. Dicæidæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian, Australian
30. Hirundinidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
33. Fringillidæ	—	—	—	—	All regions but Australian
34. Ploceidæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian, Australian
35. Sturnidæ	—	—	—	—	The Eastern Hemisphere
36. Artamidæ	—	—	—	—	Australian
37. Alaudidæ	—	—	—	—	All regions but Neotropical
38. Motacillidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
43. Eurylæmidæ			—	—
47. Pittidæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian, Australian
Picariæ.
51. Picidæ	—	—	—	—	All regions but Australian
52. Yungidæ	—				Palæarctic
53. Indicatoridæ			—	—	Ethiopian
54. Megalæmidæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian, Neotropical
58. Cuculidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
62. Coraciidæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian, Australian
63. Meropidæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian, Australian
66. Trogonidæ	—	—	—	—	Neotropical, Ethiopian
67. Alcedinidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
68. Bucerotidæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian, Austro-Malayan
69. Upupidæ	—	—	—		Ethiopian, S. Palæarctic
71. Podargidæ	—	—	—	—	Australian
73. Caprimulgidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
74. Cypselidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
Psittaci.
76. (Cacatuidæ)				—	Australian
78. Palæornithidæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian, Austro-Malayan
Columbæ.
84. Columbidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
Gallinæ.
86. Pteroclidæ	—				Ethiopian, Palæarctic
87. Tetraonidæ	—	—	—	—	Eastern Hemisphere and North America
88. Phasianidæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian, Palæarctic, North America
89. Turnicidæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian, Australian, S. Palæarctic
90. Megapodiidæ				—	Australian
Accipitres.
94. Vulturidæ	—	—	—		All regions but Australian
96. Falconidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
97. Pandionidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
98. Strigidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
Grallæ.
99. Rallidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
100. Scolopacidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
103. Parridæ	—	—	—	—	Tropical regions
104. Glareolidæ	—	—	—	—	Eastern Hemisphere
105. Charadriidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
106. Otididæ	—	—	—		Eastern Hemisphere
107. Gruidæ	—	—	—		All regions but Neotropical
113. Ardeidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
114. Plataleidæ	—	—	—	—	Almost Cosmopolite
115. Ciconiidæ	—	—	—	—	Almost Cosmopolite
117. Phœnicopteridæ	—	—			Ethiopian, Neotropical, S. Palæarctic
Anseres.
118. Anatidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
119. Laridæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
120. Procellariidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
121. Pelecanidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
124. Podicipidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
REPTILIA.
Ophidia.
1. Typhlopidæ	—	—	—	—	All regions but Nearctic
2. Tortricidæ	—	—	—	—	Austro-Malaya, S. America
3. Xenopeltidæ			—	—	Celebes
4. Uropeltidæ		—
5. Calamariidæ	—	—	—	—	All the warmer regions
6. Oligodontidæ	—	—	—	—	S. America, Japan
7. Colubridæ	—	—	—	—	Almost Cosmopolite
8. Homalopsidæ	—	—	—	—	All the regions
9. Psammophidæ	—		—	—	Ethiopian, S. Palæarctic
11. Dendrophidæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian, Australian, Neotropical
12. Dryiophidæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian, Neotropical
13. Dipsadidæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian, Australian, Neotropical
14. Scytalidæ				—	Tropical America
15. Lycodontidæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian
16. Amblycephalidæ			—	—	Neotropical
17. Pythonidæ	—	—	—	—	The tropical regions, and California
18. Erycidæ	—		—		Ethiopian, S. Palæarctic
19. Acrochordidæ		—		—
20. Elapidæ	—	—	—	—	Tropical regions, Japan, S. Carolina
23. Hydrophidæ	—	—	—	—	Australian, Panama, Madagascar
24. Crotalidæ	—	—	—	—	America, E. Palæarctic
25. Viperidæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian, Palæarctic
Lacertilia.
30. Varanidæ	—	—	—	—	Africa, Australia
33. Lacertidæ	—	—	—	—	The Eastern Hemisphere
34. Zonuridæ			—		America, S. Europe, Ethiopian
45. Scincidæ	—	—	—	—	Almost Cosmopolite
48. Acontiadæ		—			Ethiopian, Moluccas
49. Geckotidæ	—	—	—	—	Almost Cosmopolite
51. Agamidæ	—	—	—	—	The Eastern Hemisphere
52. Chamæleonidæ	—	—			Ethiopian
Crocodilia.
54. Gavialidæ	—			—	N. Australia
55. Crocodilidæ	—	—	—	—	Ethiopian, Neotropical, N. Australia
Chelonia.
57. Testudinidæ	—	—	—	—	All continents but Australia
59. Trionychidæ	—	—	—	—	Japan, E. of N. America, Africa
60. Cheloniidæ					Marine
AMPHIBIA.
Pseudophidia.
1. Cæciliadæ	—	—	—		Ethiopian, Neotropical
Urodela.
5. Salamandridæ			—		North temperate zone
Anoura.
8. Phryniscidæ				—	Ethiopian, Australian, Neotropical
10. Bufonidæ	—	—	—	—	All continents but Australia
12. Engystomidæ	—	—	—	—	All regions but Palæarctic
17. Hylidæ			—		All regions but Ethiopian
18. Polypedatidæ	—	—	—	—	Neotropical and all other regions
19. Ranidæ	—	—	—	—	Almost Cosmopolite
20. Discoglossidæ		—	—	—	All regions but Nearctic
FISHES. (FRESHWATER).
Acanthopterygii.
3. Percidæ	—	—	—	—	All regions but Australian
12. Sciænidæ	—	—	—	—	All regions but Australian
33. Nandidæ	—	—	—	—	Neotropical
35. Labyrinthici	—	—	—	—	S. Africa, Moluccas
36. Luciocephalidæ				—
39. Ophiocephalidæ	—	—	—	—
46. Mastacembelidæ	—	—	—	—
52. Chromidæ		—			Ethiopian, Neotropical
Physostomi.
59. Siluridæ	—	—	—	—	All warm regions
73. Cyprinodontidæ	—	—	—	—	S. Palæarctic, Ethiopian, American
75. Cyprinidæ	—	—	—	—	Not in S. America and Australia
78. Osteoglossidæ				—	All tropical regions
82. Notopteridæ	—	—	—	—	W. Africa
85. Symbranchidæ	—		—	—	Australian (? Marine) Neotropical
INSECTS. LEPIDOPTERA (PART).
Diurni (Butterflies.)
1. Danaidæ	—	—	—	—	All warm regions and to Canada
2. Satyridæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
3. Elymniidæ			—	—	Ethiopian, Moluccas
4. Morphidæ			—	—	Neotropical, Moluccas, and Polynesia
6. Acræidæ	—	—	—	—	All tropical regions
8. Nymphalidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
9. Libytheidæ	—	—	—	—	Absent from Australia
10. Nemeobiidæ			—	—	Not in Australia or Nearctic regions
13. Lycænidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
14. Pieridæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
15. Papilionidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
16. Hesperidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
Sphingidea.
17. Zygænidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite
19. Agaristidæ	—	—	—	—	Australian, Ethiopian
20. Uraniidæ	—	—	—	—	All tropical regions
22. Ægeriidæ	—	—	—	—	Absent from Australia
23. Sphingidæ	—	—	—	—	Cosmopolite