BOOK XVIII,
CHAPTER CXX.
Glory be to that god, half of whose body is the moon-faced Párvatí, who is smeared with ashes white as the rays of the moon, whose eyes gleam with a fire like that of the sun and moon, who wears a half-moon on his head ! May that elephant-faced god protect you, who, with his trunk bent at the end, uplifted in sport, appears to be bestowing successes !
Then Naraváhanadatta, in the hermitage of the hermit Kaśyapa, on that Black Mountain, said to the assembled hermits, " Moreover, when, during my separation from the queen, Vegavatí, who was in love with me, took me and made me over to the protection of a Science, I longed to abandon the body, being separated from my beloved and in a foreign land; but while, in this state of mind, I was roaming about in a remote part of the forest, I beheld the great hermit Kanva.
" That compassionate hermit, seeing me bowing at his feet, and knowing by the insight of profound meditation that I was miserable, took me to his hermitage, and said to me, ' Why are you distracted, though you are a hero sprung from the race of the Moon ? As the ordinance of the god standeth sure, why should you despair of reunion with your wife?
" The most unexpected meetings do take place for men in this world; I will tell you, to illustrate this, the story of Vikramáditya; listen.' "
The Story of Vikramáditya.:— There is in Avanti a famous city, named Ujjayiní, the dwelling-place of Śiva, built by Viśvakarman in the commencement of the Yuga; which, like a virtuous woman, is invincible by strangers; like a lotus-plant is the resort of the goddess of prosperity; like the heart of the good, is rich in virtue; like the earth, is full of many wonderful sights.
There dwelt in that city a world-conquering king, named Mahendráditya, the slayer of his enemies' armies, like Indra in Amarávati. In regard of prowess he was a wielder of many weapons; in regard of beauty he was the flower-weaponed god*[1] himself; his hand was ever open in bounty, but was firmly clenched on the hilt of his sword. That king had a wife named Saumyadarśaná, who was to him as Śachi to Indra, as Gaurí to Śiva, as Śrí to Vishnu. And that king had a great minister named Sumati, and a warder named Vajráyudha, in whoso family the office was hereditary. With these the king remained ruling his realm, propitiating Śiva, and ever bearing various vows in order to obtain a son.
In the meanwhile, as Śiva was with Párvatí on the mighty mountain Kailása, the glens of which are visited by troops of gods, which is beautiful with the smile that the Northern quarter smiles joyous at vanquishing all the others, all the gods with Indra at their head came to visit him, being afflicted by the oppression of the Mlechchhas; and the immortals bowed, and then sat down and praised Śiva; and when he asked them the reason of their coming, they addressed to him this prayer; " O god, those Asuras, who were slain by thee and Vishnu, have been now again born on the earth in the form of Mlechchhas. They slay Bráhmans, they interfere with the sacrifices and other ceremonies, and they carry off the daughters of hermits: indeed, what crime do not the villains commit? Now, thou knewest, lord, that the world of gods is ever nourished by the earth, for the oblation offered in the fire by Bráhmans nourishes the dwellers in heaven. But, as the Mlechchhas have overrun the earth, the auspicious words are nowhere pronounced over the burnt- offering, and the world of gods is being exhausted by the cutting off of their share of the sacrifice and other supplies.†[2] So devise an expedient in this matter; cause some hero to become incarnate on the earth, mighty enough to destroy those Mlechchhas."
When Śiva bad been thus entreated by the gods, he said to them, " Depart; you need not be anxious about this matter; be at your ease. Rest assured that I will soon devise an expedient which will meet the difficulty." When Śiva had said this, he dismissed the gods to their abodes. ‡[3]
And when they had gone, the Holy one, with Párvatí at his side, summoned a Gana, named Mályavat, and gave him this order, "My son, descend into the condition of a man, and be born in the city of Ujjayiní as the brave son of king Mahendráditya. That king is a portion of me, and his wife is sprung from a portion of Ambiká; be born in their family, and do the heaven-dwellers the service they require. Slay all those Mlechchhas that obstruct the fulfilment of the law contained in the three Vedas. And by my favour thou shalt be a king ruling over the seven divisions of the world; moreover the Rákshasas, the Yakshas and the Vetálas shall own thy supremacy;*[4] and after thou hast enjoyed human pleasures, thou shalt again return to me."
When the Gana Mályavat received this command from Śiva, he said " The command of you two divine beings cannot be disobeyed by me: but what enjoyments are there in the life of a man, which involves separations from relations, friends, and servants, very hard to bear, and the pain arising from loss of wealth, old age, disease, and the other ills of humanity ?" When the Gana said this to Śiva, the god thus replied, " Go, blameless one ! These woes shall not fall to thy lot; by my favour thou shalt be happy throughout the whole of thy sojourn on earth." When Śiva said this to Mályavat, that virtuous Gana immediately disappeared. And he went and was conceived in Ujjayiní, in the proper season, in the womb of the queen of king Mahendráditya.
And at that time the god, whose diadem is fashioned of a digit of the moon, said to that king in a dream, " I am pleased with thee, king, so a son shall be born to thee, who by his might shall conquer the earth with all its divisions; and that hero shall reduce under his sway the Yakshas, Rákshasas, Piśáchas and others, even those that move in the air, and dwell in Pátála, and shall slay the hosts of the Mleehchhas; for this reason he shall be named Vikramáditya; and also Vishamaśila on account of his stern hostility †[5] to his enemies."
When the god had said this, he disappeared; and next morning the king woke up, and joyfully related his dream to his ministers. And they also told the king, one after another, with great delight, that Śiva had made a revelation to each of them in a dream that he was to have a son. And at that moment a handmaid of the harem came and shewed the king a fruit, saying, "Śiva gave this to the queen in a dream." Then the king rejoiced, saying, again and again, " Truly, Śiva has given me a son," and his ministers congratulated him.
Then his illustrious queen became pregnant, like the eastern quarter in the morning, when the orb of the sun is about to arise, and she was conspicuous for the black tint of the nipples of her breasts, which appeared like a seal to secure the milk for the king with whom she was pregnant. In her dreams at that time she crossed seven seas, being worshipped by all the Yakshas, Vetálas, and Rákshasas. And when the due time was come, she brought forth a glorious son, who lit up the chamber, as the rising sun does the heaven. And when he was born, the sky became indeed glorious, laughing with the falling rain of flowers, and ringing with the noise of the gods' drums. And on that occasion the city was altogether distracted with festive joy, and appeared as if intoxicated, as if possessed by a demon, as if generally wind-struck. And at that time the king rained wealth there so unceasingly, that, except the Buddhists, no one was without a god.*[6] And king Mahendráditya gave him the name of Vikramáditya. which Śiva had mentioned, and also that of Vishamaśila.
When some more days bad passed, there was born to that king's minister, named Sumati, a son of the name of Mahámati, and the warder Vajráyudha had a son born to him, named Bhadhráyudha, and the chaplain Mahídhara had a son of the name of Śridhara. And that prince Vikramáditya grew up with those three minister's sons, as with spirit, courage, and might. "When he was invested with the sacred thread, and put under teachers, they were merely the occasions of bis learning the sciences, which revealed themselves to him without effort. And whatever science or accomplishment he was seen to employ, was known by those, who understood it, to be possessed by him to the highest degree of excellence. And when people saw that prince fighting with heavenly weapons, they even began to pay less attention to the stories about the great archer Ráma and other heroes of the kind. And his father brought for him beautiful maidens, given by kings who had submitted after defeat, like so many goddesses of Fortune.
Then his father, king Mahendráditya, seeing that his son was in the bloom of early manhood, of great valour, and beloved by the subjects, duly anointed him heir to his realm, and being himself old, retired with his wife and ministers to Váránási, †[7] and made the god Śiva his refuge.
And king Vikramáditya, having obtained that kingdom of his father, began in due course to blaze forth, as the sun, when it has occupied the sky. Even haughty kings, when they saw the string fitted into the notch of his bending bow, ‡[8] learnt a lesson from that weapon, and bent likewise on every side. Of godlike dignity, having subdued to his sway even Ve- tálas, Rákshasas and other demons, he chastised righteously those that followed evil courses. The armies of that Vikramáditya roamed over the earth like the rays of the sun, shedding into every quarter the light of order. Though that king was a mighty hero, he dreaded the other world, though a brave warrior, he was not hard -handed,*[9] though not uxorious, he was beloved by his wives. He was the father of all the fatherless, the friend of all the friendless, and the protector of all the unprotected among his subjects. Surely his glory furnished the Disposer with the material out of which he built up the White Island, the Sea of Milk, Mount Kailása, and the Himálayas. †[10]
And one day, as the king Vikramáditya was in the hall of assembly, the warder Bhadráyudha came in and said to him, " Your Majesty despatched Vikramaśakti with an army to conquer the southern region and other territories, and then sent to him a messenger named Anangadeva; that messenger has now returned, and is at the gate with another, and his delighted face announces good tidings, my lord." The king said, " Let him enter," and then the warder respectfully introduced Anangadeva, with his companion. The messenger entered and bowed, and shouted " Victory" ‡[11] and sat down in front of the king; and then the king said to him, " Is it well with king Vikramaśakti, the general of my forces, and with Vyághrabala and the other kings? And does good fortune attend on the other chief Rajputs in his army, and on the elephants, horses, chariots and footmen?"
When Anangadeva had been thus questioned by the king, he answered, " It is well with Vikramaśakti and the whole of the army. And Your Majesty has conquered the Dekkan and the western border, and Madhyadeśa and Saurásțhra and all the eastern region of the Ganges; and the northern region and Káśmíra have been made tributary, and various forts and islands have been conquered, and the hosts of the Mlechchhas have been slain, and the rest have been reduced to submission, and various kings have entered the camp of Vikramaśakti, and he himself is coming here with those kings, and is now, my lord, two or three marches off,"
When the messenger had thus told his tale, king Vikramáditya was pleased and loaded §[12]him with garments, ornaments, and villages. Then the king went on to say to that noble messenger, " Anangadeva, when you went there, what regions did you see, and what object of interest did you meet with anywhere? Tell me, my good fellow !" When Anangadeva had been thus questioned by the king, he began to recount his adventures, as follows: The adventures of Anangadeva.:— Having set out hence by Your Majesty's orders, I reached in course of time that army of yours assembled under Vikramaśakti, which was like a broad sea resorted to by allied kings, adorned by many princes of the Nágas that had come together with horses and royal magnificence.*[13] And when I arrived there, that Vikramaśakti bowed before me, and treated me with great respect, because I had been sent by his sovereign; and while I was there considering the nature of the triumphs he had gained, a messenger from the king of Sinhala †[14] came there.
And that messenger, who had come from Sinhala, told to Vikramaśakti in my presence his master's message as follows, " I have been told by messengers, who have been sent by me to your sovereign and have returned, that your sovereign's very heart Anangadeva is with you, so send him to me quickly, I will reveal to him a certain auspicious affair, that concerns your king." Then Vikramaśakti said to me, " Go quickly to the king of Sinhala; and see what he wishes to say to you when he has you before him."
Then I went through the sea in a ship to the island of Sinhala with that king of Sinhala's ambassador. And in that island I saw a palace all made of gold, with terraces of various jewels, like the city of the gods. And in it I saw that king of Sinhala, Vírasena, surrounded by obedient ministers, as Indra is by the gods. When I approached him, he received me politely, and asked me about Your Majesty's health, and then he refreshed me with most sumptuous hospitality.
The next day the king summoned me, when he was in his hall of audience; and showing his devotion to you, said to me in the presence of his ministers, " I have a maiden daughter, the peerless beauty of the world of mortals, Madanalekhá by name, and I offer her to your king. She is a fitting wife for him, and he is a suitable husband for her; for this reason I have invited you; so accept her in the name of your king. ‡[15] And go on in front with my ambassador to tell your master; I will send my daughter here close after you."
When the king had said this, he summoned into that hall his daughter whose load of ornaments was adorned by her graceful shape, loveliness, and youth. And he made her sit on his lap, and shewing her, said to me, ' I offer this girl to your master, receive her." And when I saw that princess, I was astonished at her beauty, and I said joyfully, " I accept this maiden on behalf of my sovereign," and I thought to myself, " Well, the Creator is never tired of producing marvels, since even after creating Tilottamá, he has produced this far superior beauty."
Then, having been honoured by that king, I set forth from that island, with this ambassador of his, Dhavalasena. So we embarked on a ship, and as we were sailing along in it, through the sea, we suddenly saw a great sandbank in the middle of the ocean. And on it we saw two maidens of singular beauty; one had a body as dark as priyangu, the other gleamed white like the moon, and they both looked more splendid from having put on dresses and ornaments suited to their respective hues. They made a sound like the clashing of cymbals with their bracelets adorned with splendid gems, and they were making a young toy-deer, which, though of gold and studded with jewels to represent spots, possessed life, dance in front of them.*[16] When we saw this, we were astonished and we said to one another, " What can this wonder mean ? Is it a dream, magic, or delusion? Who would ever expect to see a sandbank suddenly start up in the middle of the ocean, or such maidens upon it? And who would ever have thought of seeing such a thing as this living golden deer studded with jewels, which they possess? Such things are not usually found together,"
While" we were saying this to one another, king, in the greatest astonishment, a wind suddenly began to blow, tossing up the sea. That wind broke up our ship, which was resting on the surging waves, and the people in it were whelmed in the sea, and the sea-monsters began to devour them. But those two maidens came and supported both of us in their arms, and lifted us up and carried us to the sandbank, so that we escaped the jaws of the sea-monsters. And then that bank began to be covered with waves, at which we were terrified, but those two ladies cheered us, and made us enter what seemed like the interior of a cave. There we began to look at a heavenly wood of various trees, and while we were looking at it, the sea disappeared, and the bank, and the young deer, and the maidens.
We wandered about there for a time, saying to ourselves, " What is this strange thing? It is assuredly some magic," And then we saw there a great lake, transparent, deep, and broad, like the heart of great men, looking like a material representation of Nirvana that allays the fire of desire. †[17] And we saw a certain beautiful woman, coming to bathe in it, accompanied by her train, looking like an incarnation of the beauty of the wood. And that lady alighted from her covered chariot,*[18] and gathered lotuses in that lake, and bathed in it, and meditated on Śiva. And thereupon, to our astonishment, Śiva arose from the lake, a present god, in the form of a linga, composed of splendid jewels, and came near her; and that fair one worshipped him with various luxuries suited to her majesty, and then took her lyre. And she played upon it, singing skilfully to it with rapt devotion, following the southern style in respect of notes, time, and words. So splendid was her performance that even tho Siddhas and other beings appeared there in the air, having their hearts attracted by hearing it, and remained motionless as if painted. And after she had finished her music.†[19] she dismissed the god, and he immediately sank in the lake. Then the gazelle-eyed lady rose up, and mounted her chariot, and proceeded to go away slowly with her train.
We followed her, and eagerly asked her train over and over again, who she was, but none of them gave us any answer. Then, wishing to shew that ambassador of the king of Sinhala your might, I said to her aloud, " Auspicious one, I adjure thee by the touch of king Vikramáditya's feet, that thou depart not hence without revealing to me who thou art." When the lady heard this, she made her train retire, and alighted from her chariot, and coming up to me, she said with a gentle voice, " Is my lord the noble king Vikramáditya well ? But why do I ask, Anangadeva, since I know all about him? For I exerted magic power, and brought you here for the sake of that king, for I must honour him, as he delivered me from a great danger. So come to my palace ; there I will tell you all, who I am, and why I ought to honour that king, and what service he needs to have done him."
When she had said this, having left her chariot out of courtesy, that fair one went along the path on foot and respectfully conducted me to her castle, which looked like heaven; it was built of various jewels and different kinds of gold; its gates were guarded on every side by brave warriors wearing various forms, and bearing various weapons; and it was full of noble ladies of remarkable beauty, looking as if they were charms that drew down endless heavenly enjoyments. There she honoured us with baths, unguents, splendid dresses and ornaments, and made us rest for a time.
- ↑ * Káma, the god of love.
- ↑ † The central idea of the Birds of Aristophanes.
- ↑ ‡ Here Böhtlingk and Roth would read svadhishnyám. Two of the three India Office MSS. seem to read this, judging from the way in which they form the combination shn. No. 1882 is not quite clear.
- ↑ * He is a kind of Hindu Solomon.
- ↑ † I adopt the correction of the Petersburg lexicographers, vaithamyata for vainiiasyato, I find it in No. 1882 and in the Sanskrit College MS.
- ↑ * The word aníśvara, when applied to the Buddhists, refers to their not believing in a Disposer, but its other meaning is " wanting in wealth."
- ↑ † I. q. Benares.
- ↑ ‡ As Dr. Kern points out, there is a misprint hero, namatyá should be namaty.
- ↑ * Or " not cruel in exacting tribute.
- ↑ † Glory is white according to the canons of Hindu rhetoric.
- ↑ ‡ It might merely mean, cried " All- Hail," but here I think there is more in the expression than the usual salutation.
- ↑ § Dr. Kern would read abhyapújayat = honoured. The three India Office MSS. and the Sanskrit College MS. confirm Brockhaus's text.
- ↑ * A most elaborate pun ! There is an allusion to the sea having proved the refuge of the mountains that wished to preserve their wings, to the serpent Vásuki's having served as a rope with which to whirl round mount Mandara, when the sea was churned and produced Śrí or Lakshmí. In this exploit Hari or Vishnu bore a distinguished part.
- ↑ † I. q., Ceylon.
- ↑ ‡ Böhtlingk and Roth explain pratípsa^ia in this paasage as werben um.
- ↑ * Cp, Iliad XVITI, 417-420, I read pranatayantyan with Dr. Kern for the obvious misprint in the text. The y is found in the three India Office MSS, and in the Sanskrit College MS.
- ↑ † In the original tŗishná.
- ↑ * All the India Office MSS. give karnirathávatírná.
- ↑ † The word Gandharvá should be Gándharvá; see B and R. s. v. har with upa and sam. No. 2166 has Gándháras; tho other two MSS. agree with Bröckhaus's text.