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History Club of Siam

A Collection of Chronicles, Volume 6:
The Wars of the Thai and the Burmese During the Old Kingdom^[1]

Written by
His Royal Highness Prince Krommaphra Damrongrachanuphap,
President of the Council of the Royal Library for the Kingdom

Published for the First Time by Lieutenant General
Phraya Siharat-ritthikrai, MSM,^[2] ThChW,^[3] PhCh,^[4] RRP3, RChM,^[5]
for Distribution at the Funeral of His Mother,
2460 BE^[6]

Printed at Akson Nit Printing House

Preface

Lieutenant General Phraya Siharat-ritthikrai, MSM, ThChW, PhCh, RRP3, RChM, was to perform a meritorious act of organising a funeral for his mother, Prik Panikkabut, wife of Captain Phra Phithakyutthaphan (Thet), son of Phraya Mahathep (Thongpan), founder of the House of Panikkabut, and had a faithful intention to publish a literary work in the Royal Library for the Kingdom as handouts distributed at the funeral. He then informed the Library Council thereof and requested it to do him a favour by selecting the literary work for him. I found it appropriate to furnish Phraya Siharat-ritthikrai with a work dealing with the military because he served the Government in the position of army commander and the work published by him would be distributed amongst a lot of military officers. I once had an opinion that, as the wars between us the Thai and the Burmese, either launched by the Burmese upon the Thai or waged by the Thai against the Burmese, could be found in [our] royal chronicles and the Burmese chronicles Page:ประชุมพงศาวดาร (ภาค ๖) - ๒๔๖๐.pdf/3 Page:ประชุมพงศาวดาร (ภาค ๖) - ๒๔๖๐.pdf/4 Page:ประชุมพงศาวดาร (ภาค ๖) - ๒๔๖๐.pdf/5

Contents
In the Reign of King Chairacha
The first war, in which the Burmese marched in to attack Chiang Kran . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Page
In the Reign of King Mahachakkraphat
The second war, in which Queen Suriyothai was slain on the neck of her elephant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	2
The third war, which dealt with a request for white elephants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	5
The fourth war, in which the Kingdom [of Ayutthaya] was conquered for the first time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	10
In the Reign of King Mahathammaracha
The fifth war, in which Prince Naresuan declared independence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	15
The sixth war, which was fought against the ruler of Puthein . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	22
The seventh war, which was fought against the king of Chiang Mai in Sa Ket Village . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	24
The eighth war, in which the king of Hanthawati laid siege to the Capital [of Ayutthaya] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	26
In the Reign of King Naresuan the Great
The ninth war, which was fought against the Viceroy [of Burma] in Suphan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	30
The tenth war, which involved the royal duel on elephants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	32
The eleventh war, in which the Thai attacked Tawè and Taninthayi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	37
The twelfth war, which was fought against the Burmese in Mawlamyaing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	38
The thirteenth war, in which King Naresuan attacked Hanthawati for the first time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	38
The fourteenth war, in which King Naresuan attacked Hanthawati for the second time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	Page	40
The fifteenth war, in which King Naresuan attacked Ainwa . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	43
In the Reign of King Ekathotsarot
The sixteenth war, in which the Burmese attacked Tawè and Taninthayi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	45
The seventeenth war, in which the Burmese attacked Chiang Mai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	47
In the Reign of King Songtham
The eighteenth war, in which the Burmese attacked Tawè . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	49
In the Reign of King Narai the Great
The nineteenth war, in which the Thai fought the Burmese in Chiang Mai . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	50
The twentieth war, which was fought against the Burmese in Sai Yok . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	51
The twenty-first war, in which Chaophraya Kosa (Khun Lek) attacked Burma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	52
In the Reign of King Ekkathat
The twenty-second war, in which King Alaungbuya laid siege to the Capital [of Ayutthaya] . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	54
The twenty-third war, in which the Burmese attacked outer towns in the south . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	62
The twenty-fourth war, in which the Kingdom [of Ayutthaya] was conquered for the second time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .	”	67

xxx

Royal chronicles chronicle twenty-four wars between the Thai and the Burmese during the four hundred and seventeen years from 1893 BE^[7] to 2310 BE^[8] in which the Glorious Ayutthaya served as the capital of Siam. Regarding these wars, I have examined ancient archives, as [Thai] royal chronicles and Burmese chronicles, in conjunction with my own judgment, and obtained such information as hereinafter stated:

xxx

In 900 LE,^[9] 2087 BE,^[10] the Year of the Dog, during the reign of King Chairachathirat, it appeared that the Burmese marched an armed force in to attack the Siamese territory at the town of Chiang Kran. This town of Chiang Kran is the same town as Khraeng,^[11] called by the Mon as Doeng Krai,^[12] now being part of the Mon territory, lying not far away of Myawati Pass. It seemed like the Thai territory at that time extended to the river of Thanlwin, for which reason the town of Chiang Kran was included in the Thai territory. As for this war, the contents contained in [Thai] royal chronicles, Burmese chronicles, and the record^[13] of Pinto the Portuguese,^[14] when consulted together, showed that Mangtra^[15] the Burmese, a son of a ruler of Taungngu, having proclaimed himself lord and successfully conquered a great number of Burmese and Raman states, was crowned and named as King Tabinshweti, meaning the Sole Golden Parasol. He then marched an armed force in to attack the Chiang Kran City, which he successfully conquered, prompting King Chairacha to march an armed force thereto. They engaged in mighty struggles, in which the Burmese and Raman armed force was routed in defeated by the Thai armed force. The Thai thus got the city of Chiang Kran back.

xxx

The death of King Chairachathirat in the Year of the Horse, 908 LE, 2089 BE,^[16] was followed by upheaval in the Glorious Ayutthaya Kingdom as Thao Sisudachan, the mother of King Yotfa, allowed her illicit lover, Khun Worawongsathirat, to usurp the throne. At that time, the Burmese king Tabinshweti, who once fought with King Chairachathirat at Chiang Kran City, obtained victory over neighbouring lands and annexed Mon and Burma under his power, upon which he established the city of Hanthawati as his capital. Accordingly, he was known as the king of Hanthawati. Hearing the news of the upheaval in Glorious Ayutthaya, he found it to be an opportunity to expand his power and to fix the negative reputation of having been defeated by the Thai. He then marched an immense armed force in by way of the Three Pagodas Pass. As regards the Glorious Ayutthaya Kingdom, after Thao Sisudachan and Khun Worawongsathirat put King Yotfa to death through their mutual intrigue, Khun Worawongsathirat could remain on the throne for forty-two days, upon which the members of the government and nobility helped each other put Thao Sisudachan and Khun Worawongsathirat to death before inviting Prince Thianracha, a younger brother of King Chairachathirat, to ascend the throne in the Year of the Monkey, 910 LE, 2091 BE.^[17] He was known as King Mahachakkraphat. As King Mahachakkraphat had reigned for seven months, King Tabinshweti of Hanthawati arrived with his armed force. On that occasion, despite having perfect manpower, the Thai were inferior to the Burmese in one thing: the Burmese, having engaged and gained victory in wars for consecutive years, had been skilled in warfare and were being in the mood of fighting. The Thai sent out an armed force to fight them at the city of Suphan in order to test their strength, and found that this was a great war waged by a king-led army, the operations against which should not be carried out around the outer provinces. The armed force was then withdrawn to be stationed in the capital city of Glorious Ayutthaya. The Burmese armed force marched after them to their capital and launched a siege thereon. King Mahachakkraphat brought an armed force out to offer resistance and, in duelling with the ruler of Pyi on elephants, lost the upper hand to the enemy. Queen Suriyothai, his principal wife who dressed as a man, joined the battle. Finding her husband being endangered, she drove her elephant forth to block the way, successfully removing her husband from the peril. But Queen Suriyothai herself was slain by an enemy’s weapon amidst the theatre of that war. Seeing that opposing the enemy through on-field operations was beyond their ability, the Thai changed their fighting strategy by basing their operations within the capital city and instructing Prince Mahathammaracha, the royal son-in-law who ruled the city of Phitsanulok, to muster the forces from the northern provinces and march them down to surround the enemy. As for the Burmese, all their many attempts to march in and seize the capital city ended in failure, and their efforts to move their encampments closer to the city were thwarted by the Thai sailing along the river on junks, firing cannons at them. As the Burmese continued to besiege the capital city, they began to run out of food supplies. Upon hearing that the forces from the northern provinces were marching south to rescue the capital city of Glorious Ayutthaya, they were forced to retire and return home. Returning by the same route was impossible as sources of food supplies along the arrival route had completely been ruined. They then marched back through a northern route which led to an exit at the Mae Sot Pass, also known as the Mae Lamao Pass, in the city of Tak. Burmese chronicles had it that, as the king of Hanthawati marched back on that occasion, he met pursuits and attacks from Prince Ramesuan, a son of King Mahachakkraphat who led a Thai armed force on one way, and from Prince Mahathammaracha of Phitsanulok on the other way, in which a great many of the Burmese were killed. As the king of Hanthawati arrived in the city of Kamphaeng Phet, the two Thai armed forces were at a three-day distance away from his royal force. The king of Hanthawati then invented a plan to place his troops in wait and stated that they must lure the Thai armed forces into an ambush. The Thai, merrily giving a chase, found themselves to be in the middle of the Burmese, where both Prince Ramesuan and Prince Mahathammaracha were captured. King Mahachakkraphat was therefore required to agree to the cessation of hostilities and restoration of peace with Burma and give two champion elephants to the king of Hanthawati. The king of Hanthawati then released Prince Ramesuan and Prince Mahathammaracha, allowing them to return home.

↑ Referring to the kingdom of Ayutthaya. (Wikisource contributor note)
↑ Short for Maha Suraphon Mongkut Sayam (Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Siam). (Wikisource contributor note)
↑ Short for Thutiya Chunlachomklao Wiset (Knight Grand Commander of the Order of Chunlachomklao). (Wikisource contributor note)
↑ Probably short for Phusanaphon Changphueak (Companion of the Order of the White Elephant). (Wikisource contributor note)
↑ Short for Rian Chakkramala (Chakkramala Medal). (Wikisource contributor note)
↑ 1917/18 CE. Under the then calendar, each year began on 1 April. (Wikisource contributor note)
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[1] Referring to the kingdom of Ayutthaya. (Wikisource contributor note)

[2] Short for Maha Suraphon Mongkut Sayam (Knight Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown of Siam). (Wikisource contributor note)

[3] Short for Thutiya Chunlachomklao Wiset (Knight Grand Commander of the Order of Chunlachomklao). (Wikisource contributor note)

[4] Probably short for Phusanaphon Changphueak (Companion of the Order of the White Elephant). (Wikisource contributor note)

[5] Short for Rian Chakkramala (Chakkramala Medal). (Wikisource contributor note)

[6] 1917/18 CE. Under the then calendar, each year began on 1 April. (Wikisource contributor note)

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