User:Zoeannl/PG Proofreaders Guidelines

Proofreading at the Character Level: edit

Font style edit

Italics and Bold edit

{{italic}} for inline italics (within a paragraph). Whole paragraphs need to be italicised individually with this template. {{italic block}} spans more than one paragraph.

"That James Franklin ſhould no longer 
print the newſpaper entitled the {{italic|New-England 
Courant}}."

"That James Franklin ſhould no longer print the newſpaper entitled the New-England Courant."

{{italic|My brother's enlargement was accompanied 
with an arbitrary order from the houſe of 
aſſembly, "That James Franklin ſhould no longer 
print the newſpaper entitled the New-England 
Courant."}}

{{italic|In this conjuncture, we held a 
conſultation of our friends at the printing-houſe, in 
order to determine what was proper to be done.}}

My brother's enlargement was accompanied with an arbitrary order from the houſe of aſſembly, "That James Franklin ſhould no longer print the newſpaper entitled the New-England Courant."

In this conjuncture, we held a conſultation of our friends at the printing-houſe, in order to determine what was proper to be done.

{{italic block|My brother's enlargement was accompanied 
with an arbitrary order from the houſe of 
aſſembly, "That James Franklin ſhould no longer 
print the newſpaper entitled the New-England 
Courant."

In this conjuncture, we held a 
conſultation of our friends at the printing-houſe, in 
order to determine what was proper to be done.}}

My brother's enlargement was accompanied with an arbitrary order from the houſe of aſſembly, "That James Franklin ſhould no longer print the newſpaper entitled the New-England Courant."

In this conjuncture, we held a conſultation of our friends at the printing-houſe, in order to determine what was proper to be done.

Italicised dates etc. edit

Many typefaces found in older books used the same type for numbers in both regular text and italics or bold. For dates and similar phrases, format the entire phrase with one set of markup, rather than marking the words as italics (or bold) and not the numbers.

i.e.: 29 May 1876 in the scan should be proofread 29 May 1876

{{italic|29 May 1876}}

Italics in poems edit

Inline italics

{{ppoem|
{{drop initial|W}}HOSE is the speech
That moves the voices of this lonely beech?
Out of the long west did this wild wind come—
{{italic|O strong and silent!}} And the tree was dumb,
{{gap}}{{gap}}Ready and dumb, until
The dumb gale struck it on the darkened hill.
}}

WHOSE is the speech
That moves the voices of this lonely beech?
Out of the long west did this wild wind come—
O strong and silent! And the tree was dumb,
Ready and dumb, until
The dumb gale struck it on the darkened hill.

Italic verse

{{ppoem|{italic}
{{drop initial|W}}HOSE is the speech
That moves the voices of this lonely beech?
Out of the long west did this wild wind come—
O strong and silent! And the tree was dumb,
{{gap}}{{gap}}Ready and dumb, until
The dumb gale struck it on the darkened hill.
}}

WHOSE is the speech
That moves the voices of this lonely beech?
Out of the long west did this wild wind come—
O strong and silent! And the tree was dumb,
Ready and dumb, until
The dumb gale struck it on the darkened hill.

Italicized links edit

The italics markup must be outside the link markup, or the link will not work; however, internal italicization can be used in piped links.

Incorrect:

He died with [[{{italics|Turandot}}]] still unfinished.

Correct:

He died with {{italics|[[Turandot]]}} still unfinished.

He died with Turandot still unfinished.

Correct:

The [[USS Adder (SS-3)|USS {{italics|Adder}} (SS-3)]] was a submarine.

The USS Adder (SS-3) was a submarine.

Italicized word spanning pages edit

Use {{hws}} and {{hwe}}. Italicize the parts and whole words within the template. When transcluded the split words are joined automatically.

{{hws|''begin''|''beginning''}}

begin- at the bottom of the first page.

{{hwe|''ning''|''beginning''}}

-ing at the beginning of the following page.

Bold edit

Light edit

Underline edit

Emphasised

Overline edit

Obscure maths

Strikethrough edit

~~strike through~~

Types edit

Gothic Type edit

Note: {{blackletter|New York}}

New York

Cursive edit

signed

Roman edit

CDXCIX

Serif edit

serif

Sans-serif edit

sans-serif

Fantasy edit

fantasy

Typewritten edit

{{Teletype}} an ASR-33 Teletype

{{Monospace}} monospaced

{{Mono}} monospaced

{{TT}} typewritten

Spaced Out Text (gesperrt) edit

Spaced Out

{{sp|Spaced Out}}

Format spaced out text with the {{sp}} template. Remove the extra spaces between letters in each word. This was a typesetting technique used for emphasis in some older books, especially in German.

Coloured Text edit

Text can be colored using the {{greyed}} and {{red}} templates. Red text was often used as a highlight in older works, especially on the title page. Greyed text can be used to indicate (important) text that has been written or typed onto the original document.

{{greyed|grey text}}, {{red|red text}}, {{green|green text}}

grey text, red text, green text

Non-Keyboard Characters edit

Please proofread these using the proper symbols or accented characters to match the image, where possible, including the use or non-use of accents. Non-keyboard characters can be found on your pull-down menu, see Inserting Special Characters for information on how to input these characters during proofreading. There is also a Gadget Editing tool for keyboard shortcuts under Preferences (tab at top right of this page, if you are logged in).

Characters can be cut and pasted from character lists. See Unicode/List_of_useful_symbols, w:Wikipedia:Mathematical_symbols, right menu lists punctuation, w:List_of_XML_and_HTML_character_entity_references, punctuation, w:Unicode_symbols currency symbols, w:Mathematical_operators_and_symbols_in_Unicode

w:Typographic_ligature#Ligatures_in_Unicode_(Latin_alphabets) Latin ligatures See the Basic Latin block starting at 0020 FB00 ff LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FF ≈  f  f FB01 fi LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FI ≈  f  i FB02 fl LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FL ≈  f  l FB03 ffi LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFI ≈  f  f  i FB04 ffl LATIN SMALL LIGATURE FFL ≈  f  f  l FB05 ſt LATIN SMALL LIGATURE LONG S T ≈  ſ  t FB06 st LATIN SMALL LIGATURE ST ≈  s  t ﬀ

Templates are available for

ſ, ʃ, ſſ ſſ, ʃʃ, ß, ʃß ƒ ƒ {{{1}}}„. These should have their own menu.

{{s}}, {{s}} s|2, {{ss}} {{ss}}, {{ss}} ss|2, {{ss}} ss|3, {{ss}} ss|4, {{f}} {{f}} {{ditto}}

&ensp; | | en space[d]

&emsp; | | emsp

  | | thinsp

P.S. style point: Never, ever, EVER use & nbsp; There are always much better options. The code & #160; can be used in a pinch, or , or cellpadding, but there is always a better option than nbsp;. --EncycloPetey (talk) 23:01, 29 March 2015 (UTC)

w:Bracket#Encoding_in_digital_media, w:Tilde#Similar_characters, w:Miscellaneous_Technical, w:Ellipsis, w:Numerals in Unicode

Suggestions for Gadget Proofreading shortcut keys
^oe ^ae -- macron
for Diacritical Marks

diacritical mark	sample	above	below
macron (straight line)	¯	[=x]	[x=]
2 dots (dieresis, umlaut)	¨	[:x]	[x:]
1 dot	·	[.x]	[x.]
grave accent	`	[`x]	[x`]
acute accent (aigu)	´	['x]	[x']
circumflex	ˆ	[^x]	[x^]
caron (v-shaped symbol)	∨	[vx]	[xv]
breve (u-shaped symbol)	∪	[)x]	[x)]
tilde	˜	[~x]	[x~]
cedilla	¸	[,x]	[x,]

Special characters muck up templates: # [#] : {{:}} | {{!}} |

Non-Latin Characters edit

Some projects contain text printed in non-Latin languages; that is, characters other than the Latin A...Z—for example, Greek, Cyrillic (used in Russian, Slavic, and other languages), Hebrew, or Arabic characters. These characters are available in the pull-down menus but if you are not sure of your Greek (etc.), you can get help, using a missing template e.g. {{Greek missing}} where the Greek characters should be, for an expert to fill in the gap.

{{lang|he|ארץ זבת חלב ודבש}} ארץ זבת חלב ודבש

{{lang|pt|funcho}} funcho

{{lang|text=Lorem ipsum|font=UnifrakturMaguntia}} Lorem ipsum

Superscripts edit

Insert superscript from the pulldown menu. This works well only for single letters. Older books often abbreviated words as contractions, and printed them as superscripts, insert them into the {{sup}} {{sup|x}} template. For example:

Original Image:

Gen^rl Washington defeated Lᵗ Cornwall's army.

Correctly Proofread Text: Gen {{sup|rl}} Washington defeated Lᵗ Cornwall's army.

If the superscript represents a footnote marker, then see the Footnotes section instead.

The Project Manager may specify in the Project Comments that superscripted text be marked differently.

Italics are inside the template. E.g. 107^th ''107''{{sup|''th''}}

Subscripts edit

Subscripted text is often found in scientific works, but is not common in other material. Proofread these with subscript from the pulldown menu or if characters are unavailable, insert into the {{sub}} {{sub|x}} template using the subscripted text. For example:

Original Image: H₂O. H₂O.

Correctly Proofread Text: H₂O. H{{sub|2}}O.

Large, Opening Capital Letter edit

Large initial letters at the start of a chapter, section, or paragraph are duplicated with a template. If it is an ornate initial, note it in the Index Discussion page (with .djvu number) as someone may take the trouble to insert an image instead.

Proofread a large first letter that sits below the first line using the drop initial template {{di}} {{di|x}}.

Rarely, you may have a large first letter sitting on the first line. Use {{li}} {{largeinitial|x}} for these.

"If you have an apostophe before the initial, use {{float left|"}} before the initial template

c.f.

"I {{di|"I}}

P Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipisicing elit, sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, quis nostrud exercitation ullamco laboris nisi ut aliquip ex ea commodo consequat. Duis aute irure dolor in reprehenderit in voluptate velit esse cillum dolore eu fugiat nulla pariatur. Excepteur sint occaecat cupidatat non proident, sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum.

Words in Small Capitals edit

Using the Small capitals template {{sc|Lorem}}, proofread the characters in Small Caps (capital letters which are smaller than the standard capitals) as lower case letters; capitals remain as capitals. For example

Original Image:

Popular Science Monthly
Creighton, J. E.
a.m.
B.C.

Correctly Proofread Text:

{{sc|Popular Science Monthly}}
{{sc|Creighton, J. E.}}
{{sc|a.m.}}
{{smaller|B.C.}}

It is considered good form to include a whole name etc. within the template rather than only the part with small caps, as in {{sc|Creighton, J. E.}}. the If the OCR has converted small caps to all capitals, you must retype the words into the edit page. If it is a long passage it may be worth using the lower case template, {{lc}}, previewed, to convert the passage. Copy and paste into the Edit page.

{{lc|LOWERCASE}} LOWERCASE {{lc}}

{{uc|uppercase}} uppercase {{uc}}

{{capitalize|capitalize}} capitalize {{capitalize}}

{{asc|ALL small caps}} ALL small caps {{asc}}

Upper and lower case edit

All caps

Punctuation edit

Double Quotes edit

Proofread “double quotes” (straight or curly) as plain ASCII (keyboard) " (shift ') double quotes. Do not change double quotes to single quotes. Leave them as the author wrote them. See Chapter Headings if a double quote is missing at the start of a chapter.

The French equivalent, guillemets «like this», are available from the pulldown menus when editing or creating pages.

For other quotation marks, use '. This applies to languages which use marks »like this«; „like this“; “this way„

The Project Manager may instruct you in the Project Comments to proofread non-English language quotation marks differently for a particular book. Please be sure not to apply those directions to other projects.

Check for matching opening and closing quotes and close up the space between the marks and the quoted text. Some books have quotes where every new line has another quotemark—these are to be removed, leaving the beginning and ending quote, as the line spacing will change in transclusion. Check the Project Discussion for alternative directions.

Single Quotes edit

Proofread these as the plain ASCII (keyboard) ' single quote (apostrophe). Do not change single quotes to double quotes. Leave them as the author wrote them. Convert ‘ ’ to ' '.

Single quote, double quote edit

'" {{' "}}

Quote Marks on Each Line edit

Proofread quotation marks at the beginning of each line of a quotation by removing all of them except for the one at the start of the quotation. If a quotation like this goes on for multiple paragraphs, leave the quote mark that appears on the first line of each paragraph.

However, in poetry keep the extra quote marks where they appear in the image, since the line breaks will not be changed.

Often there is no closing quotation mark until the very end of the quoted section of text, which may not be on the same page you are proofreading. Leave it that way—do not add closing quotation marks that are not in the page image.

There are some language-specific exceptions. In French, for example, dialog within quotations uses a combination of different punctuation to indicate various speakers. If you are not familiar with a particular language, check the Project Discussion, or leave a message for the Project Manager in the Project Discussion for clarification.

Original Image:

Clearly he wasn't an academic with a preface like this
one. “I do not give the name of the play, act or scene,
“in head or foot lines, in my numerous quotations from
“Shakspere, designedly leaving the reader to trace and
“find for himself a liberal education by studying the
“wisdom of the Divine Bard.

“There are many things in this volume that the ordinary
“mind will not understand, yet I only contract with the
“present and future generations to give rare and rich
“food for thought, and cannot undertake to furnish the
“reader brains with each book!”

Correctly Proofread Text:

Clearly he wasn't an academic with a preface like this
one. "I do not give the name of the play, act or scene,
in head or foot lines, in my numerous quotations from
Shakspere, designedly leaving the reader to trace and
find for himself a liberal education by studying the
wisdom of the Divine Bard.

"There are many things in this volume that the ordinary
mind will not understand, yet I only contract with the
present and future generations to give rare and rich
food for thought, and cannot undertake to furnish the
reader brains with each book!"

End-of-sentence Periods edit

Proofread periods that end sentences with a single space after them.

Punctuation Spacing edit

Spaces before punctuation sometimes appear because books typeset in the 1700's & 1800's often used partial spaces before punctuation such as a semicolon or colon.

In general, a punctuation mark should have a space after it but no space before it. If the OCR'd text has no space after a punctuation mark, add one; if there is a space before punctuation, remove it. This applies even to languages such as French that normally use spaces before punctuation characters. However, punctuation marks that normally appear in pairs, such as "quotation marks", (parentheses), [brackets], and {braces} normally have a space before the opening mark, which should be retained.

Original Image:

and so it goes ; ever and ever.

Correctly Proofread Text:

and so it goes; ever and ever.

Trailing Space at End-of-line edit

Do not bother inserting spaces at the ends of lines of text; any such spaces will automatically be removed from the text when you save the page. When the text is transcluded, each end-of-line will be converted into a space.

Dashes, Hyphens, and Minus Signs edit

There are generally four such marks you will see in books:

Hyphens.-These are used to join words together, or sometimes to join prefixes or suffixes to a word. Leave these as a single hyphen, with no spaces on either side. Note that there is a common exception to this shown in the second example below.

En-dashes.-These are just a little longer, and are used for a range of numbers, or for a mathematical minus sign. Proofread these as a single hyphen, too. Spaces before or after are determined by the way it was done in the book; usually no spaces in number ranges, usually spaces around mathematical minus signs, sometimes both sides, sometimes just before.

Em-dashes & long dashes.—These serve as separators between words—sometimes for emphasis like this—or when a speaker gets a word caught in his throat——! Proofread these as an em-dash (from the pull-down menu) if the dash is as long as 2-3 letters (an em-dash) or use {{bar}} for a custom length. {{bar|3}} looks like this———. Don't leave a space before or after, even if it looks like there was a space in the original book image.

E.g.

Vol 1.—a

Deliberately Omitted or Censored Words or Names. If represented by a dash in the image, proofread these as an equivalent length {{bar}}. When it represents a word, we leave appropriate space around it like it's really a word. If it's only part of a word, then no spaces—join it with the rest of the word.

longdash ——— {{longdash}}

See also the guidelines for end-of-line and end-of-page hyphens and dashes.

End-of-line Hyphenation and Dashes edit

Where a hyphen appears at the end of a line, join the two halves of the hyphenated word back together. Remove the hyphen when you join it, unless it is really a hyphenated word like well-meaning. See Dashes, Hyphens, and Minus Signs for examples of each kind. If possible, keep the joined word on the top line, and put a line break after it to preserve the line formatting—this makes it easier for volunteers in later rounds. If the word is followed by punctuation, then carry that punctuation onto the top line, too.

Words like to-day and to-morrow that we don't commonly hyphenate now were often hyphenated in the old books we are working on. Leave them hyphenated the way the author did. Check the Index Discussion page for any advise if you're not sure if the author hyphenated it or not. If no consensus noted, leave the hyphen when you join the word. Leave a note on the Index discussion page of the .djvu page on which this occurs so someone can determine how the author typically wrote this word.

Similarly, if an em-dash appears at the start or end of a line of your OCR'd text, join it with the other line so that there are no spaces or line breaks around it. However, if the author used an em-dash to start or end a paragraph or a line of poetry, you should leave it as it is, without joining it to the next line. See Dashes, Hyphens, and Minus Signs for examples.

End-of-page Hyphenation and Dashes edit

Where a hyphen appears at the end of a page, the first part is used without the hyphen or em-dash. Use hyphanated word start {{hws}} and end {{hwe}} templates: {{hws|first part|whole word}} and {{hwe|second part|whole word}}. If it is really a hyphenated word like well-meaning, include it in the whole word i.e. {{hws|first part|whole-word}} and {{hwe|second part|whole-word}}. See Dashes, Hyphens, and Minus Signs for examples of each kind.

For example:

Original Image:

something Pat had already become accus-

Correctly Proofread Text:

something Pat had already become {{hws|accus|accustomed}}

To continue the above example on the next page:

Original Image:

tomed to from having to do his own family

Correctly Proofread Text:

{{hwe|tomed|accustomed}} to from having to do his own family

These templates rejoin the word when the pages are combined to produce the final e-book (transcluded). Please do not join the fragments across the pages yourself.

For Footnotes that split words over pages, see Footnotes.

Where the hyphen or em-dash should be retained as punctuation, use {{peh}}

Ellipsis "…" edit

The guidelines are different for English and Languages Other Than English (LOTE).

Ellipses of omission should be entered as the actual character (i.e. …, in the Symbol section of the pull-down menu) without surrounding spaces. However, note that not all strings of dots within written dialogue are ellipses of omission. In some cases, an author uses a sequence of three or more dots to indicate a pause, and in such situations there should be separate consecutive dots in order to preserve the tempo of the dialogue.

ENGLISH: An ellipsis is a character on its own, consisting of three consecutive dots. Regarding the spacing, in the middle of a sentence treat the three dots as a single word (i.e., usually a space before the 3 dots and a space after). At the end of a sentence treat the ellipsis as ending punctuation, with no space before it.

Note that there will also be an ending punctuation mark at the end of a sentence, in the case of a period there will be .+an ellipsis—4 dots total. A good hint that you're at the end of a sentence is the use of a capital letter at the start of the next word, or the presence of an ending punctuation mark (e.g., a question mark or exclamation point).

LOTE: (Languages Other Than English) Use the general rule "Follow closely the style used in the printed page." In particular, insert spaces, if there are spaces before or between the periods, and use the same number of periods as appear in the image. Sometimes the printed page is unclear; in that case, save as a Problematic page.

English examples:

Original Image:	Correctly Proofread Text:
That I know . . . is true.	That I know … is true.
This is the end....	This is the end….
The moving finger writes; and. . . The poet surely had a pen though!	The moving finger writes; and…. The poet surely had a pen though!
Wherefore art thou Romeo. . . ?	Wherefore art thou Romeo…?
“I went to the store, . . .” said Harry.	"I went to the store, ..." said Harry.
“... And I did too!” said Sally.	"... And I did too!" said Sally.
“Really? . . . Oh, Harry!”	"Really?... Oh, Harry!"

Braces edit

{{brace2|3|l}} spans 3 lines, facing left: $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$ r for right

{{xx-larger|{{(}}}} {

To include text within the bracket,

use {{float right}} or {{float right}} e.g. {{float right|{{brace2-PNG|3|r}}}} $\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}$

OR use a table:

{|
|{{brace2|4|l}}
|do<br/>ray<br/>fa<br/>ti
|{{brace2|4|r}}
|}

\scriptstyle {\left\{{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right.}

do
ray
fa
ti

\scriptstyle {\left.{\begin{matrix}\ \\\\\ \\\ \ \end{matrix}}\right\}\,}

Contractions edit

In English, remove any extra space in contractions. For example, would n't should be proofread as wouldn't and 't is as 'tis.

This was a 19th century printers' convention in which the space was retained to indicate that 'would' and 'not' were originally separate words. It is also sometimes an artifact of the OCR. Remove the extra space in either case.

Some Project Managers may specify in the Project Discussion page not to remove extra spaces in contractions, particularly in the case of books that contain slang, dialect, or poetry.

Fractions edit

Proofread fractions as follows:

a diagonal fraction bar (a virgule)—¾ is written ³⁄₄: {{fs70|{{frac|3|4}}}} {{frac}}, do not use the actual fraction symbols unless specifically requested in the Project Discussion, please.

A horizontal fraction bar (a vinculum)—use {{sfrac}} encased in {{fs70}} as {{fs70|{{sfrac|n|d}}}} (nd) to fit inline.

2¹⁄₂: {{fs70|{{frac|2|1|2}}}}

212: {{fs70|{{sfrac|2|1|2}}}}

For fractions with a numerator of one, only the denominator need be inputted: {{fs70|{{sfrac|d}}}} 1/d; {{fs70|{{sfrac|3}}}} 1/3

Leaders edit

Period at the end. Remove

Maths edit

Music edit

Problem templates edit

These should be used if there is a problem that you cannot fix yourself. When using one of these, also set the progress to "problematic" (blue).

Template	Used where..
{{missing score}}	..a musical score should be included.
{{missing math formula}}	..a mathematical formula should be included.
{{illegible}}	..the text cannot be read.
{{arabic missing}}	..Arabic characters are used.*
{{chinese missing}}	..Chinese characters are used.*
{{greek missing}}	..Greek characters are used.*
{{hebrew missing}}	..Hebrew characters are used.*
{{symbol missing}}	..unknown symbols are used.
* Where you cannot read or write in these languages.

Abbreviations edit

There are exceptions to the Primary Rule with regards to abbreviations. See the Manual of Style. Specific examples are i.e and e.g., a.m. and B.C. and other abbreviations from Latin, which are always contracted to avoid splitting across lines. Abbreviations should be SIC'd in full, except when "very common"—Manual of Style

Obscure words edit

Foreign words should be linked to Wiktionary using [[wikt:Article|word]]. Common phrases may also be in Wiktionary. E.g.

[[wikt:ceteris paribus|''caeteris paribus'']]

caeteris paribus

To add a word to Wiktionary, go to Requested entries

Longer quotes in foreign languages may have translations in Wikiquotes and should be linked with [[q:Author firstname lastname|displayed name of Author]]. If the author’s page exists (blue link), check your quote is already there; if not, be brave and add it or leave a note in the Project Discussion. You can get it translated at ??. If your link is red, click the link and search Wikiquote—maybe they spell it differently. To add an author, click red link and follow: q:Help:Starting_a_new_page, or leave a note in the Project Discussion.

Fig. 1