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HALLAM 450 HALLECK ity^ (1800); "Reflections on War" (1802). He again became insane and resigned his charge, but recovering mar- ried and settled at Leicester in 1808, till in 1820 he was again called to Bristol. He died in 1831. HALLAM, HENRY, an English his- torian; born in Windsor, England, July 9, 1777. His father was dean of Bristol. After studying at Eton he was sent to the University of Oxford, where he dis- tinguished himself by his classical at- tainments. He afterward settled in Lon- don, and entered on his career of literary labor as one of the first contributors to the "Edinburgh Review." His "View of the State of Europe during the Middle Ages" (1818) was the first great result of his studies and researches. His mas- terly work on the "Constitutional His- tory of England" was given to the world in 1827. Hallam belonged to the Whig party in politics, but he wrote with an impartiality which is rarely rivaled. In 1833 a very heavy blow fell on him in the death of his eldest son, a young man of high promise, and the chosen friend of Alfred Tennyson, whose love and sorrow are recorded in "In Memoriam." The next great work of Hallam, published in 1837-1839, was his "Introduction to the Literature of Europe in the 15th, 16th, and 17th Centuries." After losing his daughter, his wife, and his second son (the last in 1850), the aged and mourn- ing father himself died in Penhurst, Kent, England, Jan. 21, 1859. HALLE (hal'le), a city of Prussian Saxony, known as Halle an der Saale, to distinguish it from other places of the same name in Germany; on the right bank of the Saale and on several small islands of the river; 20 miles N. W. of Leipsic. As an important railway cen- ter, Halle has rapidly increased in size, industry, and prosperity. Its famous university was founded in 1694 by Fred- erick I. of Prussia; after having been suppressed by Napoleon in 1806, and again in 1813, it was re-established in 1815 and incorporated with the Univer- sity of Wittenberg, which had been dis- solved during the war. The Francke Institutions rank among the most impor- tant establishments of the place. The noteworthy buildings and institutions em- brace St. Mary's Church (1529-1554); the Gothic church of St. Maurice, dating from the 12th century, with fine wood- carvings and sculptures; the red tower, 276 feet high, in the market-place, with a Roland statue in front of it; the town- hall ; the remains of the Moi'itzburg, built in 1484, the ancient residence of the archbishops of Magdeburg; a deacon- esses' home; a large penitentiary; the medical institutes and clinical hospitals; the agricultural institute; the university library (220,000 vols.) ; a provincial mu- seum; an art collection; and an archseo- logical and other museums. The most important industrial product of Halle is salt, obtained from brine springs within and near the town, which have been worked from before the 7th century. The industries next in importance prior to the World War, were sugar-refining, print- ing, brewing, the manufacture of mineral oil, and fruit cultivation. A very active trade was carried on in machines, rav7 sugar, mineral oil, grain, and flour. Halle is the birthplace of Handel, the com- poser. Originally a border fortress against the Slavs, it became in the 10th century an appanage of the Archbishop of Magdeburg, and by the 12th century was famous as a commercial city. In that and the 13th century Halle was a powerful member of the Hanseatic League, and successfully withstood a fierce siege by the Archbishop of Magde- burg in 1435, but finally fell into his hands in 1478. Terribly impoverished during the Thirty Years' War, it was in- corporated with Brandenburg at the peace of Westphalia. Pop. about 180,000. HALLECK, FITZ-GREENE, an Amer- ican poet; born in Guilford, Conn., July 8, 1790. By his mother he was descended from John Eliot, "the apostle of the In- dians." He became a clerk in a bank in New York in 1811, and in 1832 the pri- vate secretary of John Jacob Astor; in 1849 he retired, on an annuity of $200 left him by Astor, to his native town, where he spent the re- mainder of his days. From his boy- hood Halleck wrote verses, and in 1819 he contributed, with Joseph Rodman Drake, a series of humorous satirical papers in verse to the New York "Even- ing Post." In the same year he pub- lished his longest poem, "Fanny" (2d edition, enlarged, 1821), a satire on the literature, fashions, and politics of the time. He visited Europe in 1822, and in 1827 published anonymously an edition of his poems (3d edition, enlarged, 1845). In 1865 he published "Young America," a poem of 300 lines. His complete "Poetical Writings" was published in 1869. He died in Guilford, Conn., Nov. 19, 1867. HALLECK, HENRY WAGER, an American military oflficer; born in West- ernville, N. Y., Jan. 16, 1815. He was graduated at the United States Military Academy in 1839. During the Mexican War he was employed in the operations on the Pacific coast, and for services was