D, F. She had heard these bells as she watched the cradle, Danish T, P, Swedish G; sat by the cradle and sang, T 4; compare English C 7. She asks the hill-man's permission, and it is granted on certain terms: she is not to talk of him and her life in the hill, Danish E, I, Swedish A, F, I, is to come back, Danish F, must not stay longer than an hour or two, Norwegian D; she is not to wear her gold, her best clothes, not to let out her hair, not to go into her mother's pew at the church, not to bow when the priest pronounces the holy name, or make an offering, or go home after service, etc., Danish I, L–P, T, Norwegian F. All these last conditions she violates, nor does she in the least heed the injunction not to speak of the hill-man. The consequence is that he summarily presents himself, whether at the church or the paternal mansion, and orders her back to the hill, sometimes striking her on the ear or cheek so that blood runs, or beating her with a rod, Danish E, I, L, M, S, T, Swedish A, B, C, H, I, Norwegian F. In a few versions, the hill-man tells her that her children are crying for her, and she replies, Let them cry; I will never go back to the hill; Danish M, N, O, Norwegian F. In Danish E, Swedish G, a gold apple thrown into her lap seems to compel her to return; more commonly main force is used. She is carried dead into the hill, or dies immediately on her arrival, in Norwegian F, Danish T; she dies of grief, according to traditional comment, in Norwegian D. They give her a drink, and her heart breaks, Swedish A, G, H, M; but elsewhere the drink only induces forgetfulness, Danish L, M, Swedish B, C, F.
Much of the story of 'Jomfruen og Dværgekongen' recurs in the ballad of 'Agnete og Havmanden,' which, for our purposes, may be treated as a simple variation of the other. The Norse forms are again numerous, but all from broadsides dating, at most, a century back, or from recent tradition.
Danish. 'Agnete og Havmanden,' Grundtvig, No 38, A–D, II. 51 ff, 656 ff, III, 813 ff. Copies of A are numerous, and two had been previously printed; in Danske Viser, I, 313, No 50, and "in Barfod's Brage og Idun, II, 264." E, Rask's Morskabslæsning, III, 81, Grundtvig, II, 659. F, one stanza, Grundtvig, p. 660. G, H, the same, III, 816. I, Kristensen, II, 75, No 28 C, Grundtvig, IV, 807. K, Grundtvig, IV, 808.[1]
Swedish. A, B, C, in Cavallius and Stephens' unprinted collection, described by Grundtvig, II, 661. D, 'Agneta och Hafsmannen, Eva Wigström's Folkdiktning, p. 9. E, Bergström's Afzelius, II. 308. F, 'Skön Anna och Hafskungen,' Aminson, Bidrag till Södermanlands äldre Kulturhistoria, III, 43. G, 'Helena och Hafsmannen,' the same, p. 46.
Norwegian. A, Grundtvig, III, 817, properly Danish rather than Norwegian. B, a version partly described at p. 818. C, Grundtvig, IV, 809, also more Danish than Norwegian. All these communicated by Bugge.
Danish C, G, Norwegian A, have a hill-man instead of a merman, and might as well have been put with the other ballad. On the other hand, the Danish versions M, N, O of 'The Maid and the Dwarf-King' call the maid Agenet, and give the hill-man a name, Nek, Netmand, Mekmand, which implies a watery origin for him, and the fragments P, Q, R have similar names, Nekmand, Negen, Lækkemand, as also Agenete, and might as well have been ranked with 'Agnes and the Merman.' In 'The Maid and the Dwarf-King,' Swedish L (one stanza) the maid is taken by "Pel Elfven" to the sea.
Agnes goes willingly with the merman to the sea-bottom, Danish A, D, E, K, Swedish A, D, E, Norwegian A, C. She lives there, according to many versions, eight years, and has seven children. As she is sitting and singing by the cradle one day, she hears the bells of England, Danish A, C, D, E, H, I, K Swedish D [church bells, bells, F, G], Norwegian A, C. She asks if she may go to
- ↑ For reasons, doubtless sufficient, but to me unknown, Grundtvig has not noticed two copies in Boisen's Nye og gamle Viser, 10th edition, p. 192, p. 194. The former of these is like 'A', with more resemblance here and there to other versions, and may be a made-up copy; the other, 'Agnete og Bjærgmanden, fra Sønderjylland,' consists of stanzas 1–5 of 'C'.
