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BIEDESEL. 143 RIEHL. Friedeeike Charlotte Liise (1740-1808), came with her husband to America and left an interesting aeuount of their American adven- tures. The Memoirs, Letters, and Journals of Major-Ocncrul Riedescl Durimj His Residence in America (Albany, 18G8) and Letters and Jour- nals by Lady Riedesel (ib., 1807), both trans- lated and edited by Stone, are among the most valuable material for the history of Burgoyne's campaign. RIEFSTAHL,. ref still, Wilhelm (1827-88). A Geniian landscape, genre, and architectural painter, born at Neustrelitz, Mecklenburg. He was a pupil of Wilhelm Schirmer at the Berlin Academy, subsequently studied nature, traveling extensively, and visited Rome in 1809-70, 1874, and 1877. In 1870-73 he was professor at the Scliool of Art in Karlsruhe and in 1875-77 its director, after which he settled in Munich. He at first painted landscape pure and simple, as finely exemplified by "Northern Heath" (1850), "Village Graveyard" (1854), and others, and afterwards supplied his scenery with figures, to which he gradually gave greater prominence, ex- celling in harmonious combinations of both. Ad- mirable specimens of this kind are: "Devotions of Passeier Shepherd.s in the Fields" ( 1804, gold medal, Berlin), "All Souls' Day at Bregenz" (1869), "Missionaries in the Ehiptian Alps" (1884), all in the National Gallery, Berlin; "Wedding Procession in Bavarian Alps" (1800), in Metropolitan Museum, New York; "Blessing of the Alps" (1881), Leipzig Museum. Reminiscent of Italy are "Funeral Procession in Front of the Pantheon" (1871), Dresden Museum; "Proces- sion Through the Forum Romanum" (1879 and "The Anatomical Theatre at Bologna" (1880), Leipzig Museum; replica (1883), Dresden Mu- seum. Consult: Berlepsch, in Zeitschrift fiir hikleiide Kunst (Leipzig, 1890); Holland, in AUgemoine deutsche Bioflraphie, xxviii. (Leipzig, 1889) ; and Rosenberg, Die Berliner Malerschule (Berlin, 1879). RIEGEL, re'gd. Herman (1834-1900). A German art-historian, born at Potsdam. He gave up the study of law for that of art, was director of the museum and docent at the university in Leipzig in 1868-71, then became director of the museum and professor at the Polyteehnicum in Brunswick. His highly valued writings com- prise: Cornelius, der Aleister dcr deutschen ila- lerei (1860); Deutsche Kunsistudien (1808); Italienischc Blatter (1871) ; Geschichte des Wie- derauflebens der deutschen Kunst, etc. ( 1874- 75) ; Kimst gesehichtUche Vortrtige und Aufsiitze (1877) ; Beitriige cHr niederUindischen Kunstge- schichte (1882) ; Geschichte der Wandmalerei in Belgicn se-it lSo6 (1882) ; Die liildenden Kiinste (1890); Beitniige ziir Kunstgeschiohte Jtaliens (1898). RIEGER, re'ger, Fbanz Ladislaus (1818- 1903). A Bohemian statesman, born at Semil and educated for the bar at Prague. He entered the Government service, but his career w.as cut short, as he was prosecuted for his political ideas. The lawsuit increased his popularity, and in 1848 seven districts elected him Dep- uty. He became one of the leaders of the Slavic Party in the Austrian Reichsrat. During the reactionary period which followed the revo- lution he took no further part of impor- tance in politics until 1800. In the mean- time, ho occupied hilM^ell with the pen a.s a political Weapon, writing Stares d'Aulriche (1800), and with Kobcr founding the lioliemian encyclopaedia, tflounil: nauin;} (1859-74). In 1801, with his father-in-law, the historian I'a- lacky, he became a leader of the Czech National Party, both as a member of the Bohemian Diet and as a Deputy to the Vienna-Keichsrat. In 1803 he dictated the "policy of ab.stcntion," by which the Reichsrat was left without a Czech representation, and he thenceforth led, with the aid of the L'ltramontanes and Feudalists, the agi- tation for Bohemian autonomy. During the Taatl'e regime, after the Czechs had reentered the Reichsrat, Rieger supported the Government, and became the head of the Old Czechs. His conserva- tism alFenatod the more radical wing of the na- tional party (Young Czechs), who gradually gained supremacy, both in the Bohemian Diet and the Austrian Reichsrat. Toward the end of his life Rieger's influence on national alVairs largely waned. In 1897 he was made a baron and called into the Austrian House of Peers. RIEGO Y NUNEZ, r6-a'g« 6 nSo'nyith. R*.- FAEL DEL (1785-1823). A Spanish revolutionist, born at Oviedo, in Asturias. He joined in the pa- triot movement against France which followed the usurpation of llie Spanish throne l)y .Joseph. Bonaparte. Captured by the French, he was a prisoner until 1814, when he visited Germany and England. He was leader of the military in- surrection which broke out in January, 1820, and which brought about the restoration of the Span- ish Constitution of 1812. lie became field-mar- shal and Captain-General of Aragon, and in 1822 was president of the Cortes. He ardently opposed French intervention in 1823. met the soldiers of the Holy Alliance at the head of the Army of Malaga, was Avounded, takeii prisoner, and handed over to the njyal authorities. He was tried as a traitor, and put to death at Madrid, Novem- ber 7, 1823. A hymn which he wrote, called after him the "Hymn of Riego," became a popular rev- olutionary song, and is now the national anthem. Consult: Riego, Memoirs of Riego und His Fam- ily (London. 1824) ; Nard and Piral, Vida mili- tar e politica de Riego (Madrid, 1844). RIEHL, rel, Alois (1844—). A German phi- losopher, bom at Bozen, Tyrol. He studied at Vienna, Innsbruck, and Munich, and was ap- pointed professor of philosophy at Gratz in 1873. Afterwards he held similar chairs at Frei- burg, Keil, and Halle. IJke Laas and Ave- narius, he belongs to the (icrman group of posi- tivists. Riehl is well known as a logician, as a critic of modern English logic, and as author of Beitriigs zur Logik (1892). His philosophical criticism is to be found in Der philosofihische Eritizismus (1870-87); Moral und Dogma (1871) ; Veher wissenschaf tlichc und niehtu-i'ssenschaftliche Philosophic (S83) ; Bruno (1889: 2d ed. 1900); Fr. Xictzsche (1897: 3d ed. 1901) ; and Zur Einfuhrung in die Philosophic dcr Gegcnwart (1903). RIEHX, Wilhelm Heinrich (1823-97). A German historian of civilization and novelist, born at Bicbrich, and educated at Marburg, Tiibinccn. Bonn, and Geissen. In 1840 he en- tered journalism on the stalT of the Karls- ruher Zeitung : then founded the Badischer Land- tagsbote; and after his election to the German