Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/374

RUDEBAL PLANTS. 338 RUDOLPH I. struggle i:? here sumewhat less severe than in older aud more established plant societies. BUDESHEIM, ry'des-hlm. A town in the Province of Hesse-Nassau, Prussia, on the right bank of the Rhine, opposite Bingen (Map: Prus- sia, B 3). It is celebrated for its wine of the same name, the oldest brand of the Rhine wines. Poi)ulatiiiii, in IIIOO. 4812. BtJDINGEB, rv'ding-er, NiKOLAUS (1832- 96). A German anatomist, born in Biidesheim, and educated at Heidelberg and Giessen. He was appointed professor of anatomy at Jlunich in 1870. He was a pioneer in the use of photography in anatomic instruction. He published an Atlas des peripherischen Nerren- si/stems (1861-0.5), an Atlas des menschlicheii GeUororgans (1866-75), Topographisch - chirur- gisclip Amitomie (1872-79), and Eursus der topo- graphischen Anatomie (1891). BTJDINI, roo-de'ne, Antonio Starrabba di, Marcpiis (1839—). An Italian statesman, born in Palermo. At the age of twenty-seven he was chosen Maj'or of Palermo, and distinguished him- self by suppressing an insurrection. In 1809 he was for a short time Jlinister of the Interior. Subsequently he was a member of the Cham- ber of Deputies until February 7, 1891, when he became Prime ilinister, having as leader of the old Right made an alliance with the Radical leader Nicotera to overthrow Crispi (q.v. ). During his administration occurred the diplomatic tension with the United States over the killing of seven Italians by a New Orleans mob. His general policy differed from that of his predecessor in its more conciliatory atti- tude toward France. He gave way to Giolitti in May, 1892, but after the Abyssinian disaster he was in 1896 recalled to the head of the Ministry. His Government w'ent down in the disturbed Ital- ian politics of 1898. ♦RUDISTiE (Neo-Lat. nam. pi., from Lat. rndis:, rough). A group of fossil marine laniel- libranchs characterized by the great conical elongation of the right valve, which was attached to the sea bottom by its apex, and by the reduc- ^W HIPPUR1TE8 GOSATIEN- 8IS. HIPPURITKS CORNU-VAC- CIXDM. tion of the left valve to the condition of a lid- like operculum in which no trace of the original spiral form of the shell remains. The Rudista; occur in great abundance in some portions of the Middle and Upper Cretaceous of Europe. Asia Minor, and Central .America. The hinge of the shell has been entirely changed from its original form and now consists of a system of pegs on the upper valve, which lit into sockets in the lower valve, and which permit the oper- culum to be raised and lowered in a vertical motion instead of in a rotary motion, as in the normal pelecypod. The principal genera are Radiolites, Hippurites, Sph.Trolites, and a large HIPPDHITEB RUDIOSUS. 1. Upper valve ; s, sinus of the hiiipe ; a. b, grooves cor- respondiug to anterior and posterior L-oIumns of the lower valve ; c, anterior process of the clitln-um ; d, d, posterior processes of the elithrum. 2. Interior of lower valve seen from above ; e, f, position of anterior and posterior col- umns : gg. adductor sears ; A, socket of anterior, and kk of posterior processes of elithrum ; 7. body-chamber of cell: m, vacant cavity near sinus. form, Barrettia, which attains a length of two feet. These most curious of pelecypods resemble corals so closely that they were formerly classed as such. Consult Bernard, EUments de paleonto- logie (Paris, 1895). BU'DOLF, Lake. A large lake in British East Africa situated 200 miles northeast of the Victoria Nyanza (Map: Africa, H 4). It lies in the Great Rift Valley and is of elongated shape, about 185 miles long from north to south and 20 to 35 miles wide. It is bordered by high cliffs in the south ; elsewhere the surrounding country consists either of rugged lava fields or sandy plains, and is treeless and sterile. Several active volcanoes stand close to the shores, whose contour is said to have been changed in re- cent years by volcanic activity. The lake is deep near the southern end and shallow in the north, where the Omo or Nianam River enters it through a marshy delta. As there is no outlet, the water is brackish. The lake was discovered by Teleki in 1888. RUDOLF OF EMS ( ?-1254) . A German poet, born ])roliably in Switzerland, and getting his name from Hohenems. He died in Italy in the service of Conrad IV. Rudolf's earliest work was Der giite Gerlmrd. ilore famous was the story of Barlaam und Josaphat (c.1225; edited by Pfeiffer. Leipzig. 1843). He also wrote a Weltchronik. based for the most part on the Old Testament and coming down only to the death of Solomon. In a revised form it had a great vogue up to the time of Luther's version of the Bible, being practically the only form in which the earlier part of the liiblical story was available for the common people. RUDOLPH L (1218-91). King of Germany and head of the Holy Roman Empire from 1273 to 1291, foimder of the present House of Austria. He was the son of Albert IV., Count of Haps- burg and Landgrave of Alsace. Through inher- itance, through his marriage with Gertrude. Countess of Hohenberg. and by successful wars with his neighbors, he became the most powerful prince in the extreme southw-est of Germany, with possessions in Switzerland. Swabia, and Al- sace. He acquired a great reputation for brav-