Page:The New International Encyclopædia 1st ed. v. 17.djvu/478

SAINT-CHAMOND. 438 SAINT-CLAUDE. manufacture of laces ami ribbons. There are also dye works, naval and railway workshops. There are coal mines in the vicinity. Population, in 1901, 15,4()9. SAINT CHARLES. A city and the county- seat of .Vaint I harks I'oiinty, Mo., 20 miles north- west of Saint Louis ; on the Missouri Kiver, and on the Wabash and the Missouri, Kansas and Tccas railroads (Map: Missouri. F 3). It is tlie seat of the Lindenwood Female CoUcfie (Presbyte- rian), opened in 1S30, Saint Charles Military Col- lege (Methodist Episcopal), founded in 1834. and the Sacred Heart Academy. The court liou.se here is a fine structure, having cost .$100,000. The centre of a ricli afjricultural section. Saint Charles has also important industrial interests. The car factory is one of the most extensive of its kind in the I'nited States and there are also maniifacto- ries of cob pipes, flour, brick and tile, furniture, and beer. The leadin;,' articles of Commerce in- clude the manufactured products, tobacco, lime- stone, corn, and farm produce. The government. under the revised charter of 1890. is vested in a mayor, elected biennial!}', and a )inicameral coun- cil. The city owns and operates the water works and electric light plant. Settled in 1769, Saint Charles was incorporated in 1849. Population, in 1890, GI61; in 1900, 7982. SAINT CHARLES, Order of. An order of merit founded in 1858 by Charles III. of Monaco, on the model of the Legion of Honor. The dec- oration is a white enameled cross with a red bor- der, surmounted by a crown and interwoven with a wreath of laurel and olive. The central red medallion bears two C"s with the legend Piiiiccps et Patria. SAINT CHRIS'TOPHER, or Saint Kitts. One of the Leeward Islands. British West Indies, situated in 17° 18' N. latitude and 62° 48' W. longitude, and covering an area of 65 square miles (Map: West Indies, Q 6). It is traversed in the centre by a mountain range, of which the highest peak, the extinct volcano Mount Misery, is more than 4000 feet high. The climate is healthful ; the chief products are sugar and rum. Coffee and cotton are also cultivated to some extent. Together with Nevis (q.v.) and the dependency of Anguila, Saint Christopher forms a division of the Leeward group. Popula- tion, in 1891, 30,876; in 1901, 29.782. Capital, Basse Terre. Tlie island was discovered by Co- lumbus in 1493 and settled by the English and French about 1623-25. It was ceded to Great Britain by the Treaty of Utrecht in 1713. SAINT CLAIR. A borough in Schuylkill County, Pa., 3 miles north of Pottsville; on Jlill Creek, and on the Pennsylvania and other rail- roads (Map: Penn.sylvania, E 3). It is situated in a hilly region, containing extensive deposits of anthracite, the mining of which constitutes the leading industry. Miners' squibs and fuses and miner-s' caps are the principal manufactures. Population, in 1890. 3680; in 1900, 4638. SAINT CLAIR, Lake. A lake belonging to the Great Lakes system, and situated between Lake Huron and Lake Erie, and between the State of Michigan and the Province of Ontario (Map: Michigan. L 6). It is 27 miles long and 25 miles wide, and has an area of 396 square miles. It receives the waters of Lake Huron through the Saint Clair River, and discharges into Lake Erie through the Detroit Kiver. Its elevation above sea-level is 576 feet, Ijeing 6 feet lower than Lake Huron, and 3 feet higher than Lake Erie. Its greatest depth is 21 feet, and in the north, where it borders on the nmd-flats of the Saint Clair delta, it is very shallow. Steamers draw- ing 20 feet, however, can pass between the two rivers. SAINT CLAIR, Arthur (1734-1818). A Scotch-.merican soldier. He was born at Thur- so, Caithness-shire, Scotland; was educated at the university of Edinburgh, joined the British army as an ensign, and in 1758 came to Amer- ica with Admiral Boscawen. He served with distinction under Amherst at Louisburg, and under Wolfe at Quebec; resigned his commis- sion in 1762, and in 1764 settled in Pennsyl- vania. He held various civil offices until the breaking out of the Revolution, when he joined the colonial army with the rank of colonel. For his gallant services at the battles of Three Rivers, Trenton, and Princeton, he was raised to the rank of major-general in 1777 and placed in command at Ticonderoga. He was forced to abandon that place to Burgoyne, and, although ac- quitted of blame by court-martial, lost his com- mand. Remaining in the army as a volunteer, he again rose to important positions, distinguishing himself in the operations which ended with the surrender of C'ornwallis. He was a member of the Continental Congress 1785-87, becoming its presi- dent in the latter year, and from 1783 to 1789 was president of the Pennsylvania State Society of the Cincinnati, giving its name to that city in 1790. In 1789 he was made the first Governor of the Northwest Territory, and in 1791, as com- mander-in-chief of the United States army, was sent on an expedition against the Miami Indians, which ended in the disastrous rout of his forces. A committee of investigation appointed by Con- gress exonerated him, but he resigned his com- mand in May, 1792, and in 1802 Jefferson removed him from his Governorship. His last years were spent in poverty and obscurity. Consult: A Nar- rative of the Manner i>i which the Campaign against the Indians in the year 1791 ivas con- ducted under the command of Major-General Saint Clair (Philadelphia, 1812) ; Smith, The Life and PuMic Services of Arthur Saint Clair (Cincinnati, 1882). SAINT CLAIR RIVER. The outlet of Lake Huron. It is 41 miles long, and flows south on the boundary between Michigan and Ontario, emptying into Lake Saint Clair (q.v.) through a fan-.shaped delta of seven channels (Map: Mich- igan. L 6 ) . The river itself is navigable, and one of the delta channels has been improved by canal- izing a part of it and guarding it by embank- ments. It is being made available for vessels drawing 20 feet. In 1891 a tunnel was built under the river between Port Huron and Sarnia, measuring with its approaches 3851 yards, and connecting the Canadian Grand Trunk and the Chicago and Grand Trunk railways. SAINT-CLAUDE, s.aN'klod'. The capital of an arrondissement in the Department of Jura, France, at the confluence of the Bienne and Ta- con, 19 miles northwest of Geneva (Map: France, M 5). It is an episcopal see. with a fourteenth- century cathedral, the former church of an im- portant abbey, which was suppressed at the Rev- olution. The town has manufactures of toys,