An Illustrated Flora of the Northern United States, Canada and the British Possessions/General Key to the Orders and Families
General Key to the Orders and Families |
Subkingdom Pteridophyta.
editSpores developing into flat or irregular prothallia, which bear the reproductive organs (antheridia and archegonia); flowers and seeds none. | ||
1. | Spores produced in sporanges, which are borne on the back of a leaf, in spikes or panicles, or in special conceptacles. | Order 1. Filicales. |
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2. | Spores produced in sporanges, which are clustered underneath the scales of a terminal cone-like spike; stems jointed, rush-like. | Order 2. Equisetales. |
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3. | Spores produced in sporanges, which are borne in the axils of scale-like or tubular leaves. | Order 3. Lyciodiales. |
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Subkingdom Spermatophyta.
editMicrospores (pollen-grains) developing into a tubular prothallium (pollen-tube); macrospores (embryo-sac) developing a minute prothallium, and, together with it, remaining enclosed in the macrosporange (ovule) which ripens into a seed. |
Class 1. Gymnospermae.
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Fam. 1. Pinaceae. |
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Fam. 2. Taxaceae. |
Class 2. Angiospermae.
editOvules enclosed in an ovary.
Subclass 1. Monocotyledones.
editEmbryo with 1 cotyledon; stem with no distinction into pith, wood and bark; leaves mostly parallel-veined.
1. | Carpels 1, or more, distinct (united, at least partially, in Family 6, Scheuchzeriaceae, where they are mostly united until maturity, and Family 8, Vallisneriaceae, aquatic herbs, with monoecious or dioecious flowers); parts of the flowers mostly unequal in number. | |
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Order 1. Pandanales. | |
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Order 2. Naiadales.. | |
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Order 3. Alismales. | |
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Order 4. Hydrochariales. | |
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Order 5. Graminales | |
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Order 8. Arales | |
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2. | Carpels united into a compound ovary; parts of the usually complete flowers mostly in 3's or 6's. | |
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Order 9. Xyridales | |
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Order 10. Liliales. | |
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Order 11. Scitaminales. | |
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Order. 12. Orchidales | |
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Subclass 2. Dicotyledones.
editEmbryo normally with 2 cotyledones; stems mostly differentiated into pith, wood and bark; leaves mostly net-veined.
Series 1. Choripetalae.
editPetals distinct to the base, or wanting (exceptions noted)
A. | Petals none, except in Portulacaceae and in most Caryophyllaceae, which are herbs with leaves nearly always opposite, the seeds with endosperm, and in the pistillate flowers of the walnuts (Juglans). | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Series 2. Gamopetalae.
editPetals more of less united. (See exceptions) | ||||
A. Ovary superior (except in Vacciniaceae and Symplocaceae, in which it is partly or wholly inferior). | ||||
Ι. | Stamens mostly free from the corolla, or adnate merely to its base (at the sinuses of the corolla in Diapensia and Pyxidanthera of the Diapensiaceae), as many as the lobes and alternate with them, or twice as many. | Order 1. Ericales. | ||
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ΙI. | Stamens borne on the corolla, as many as its lobes and opposite them, or twice as many, or more. | |||
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Order 2. Primulales.
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Order 3. Ebenales.
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III. | Stamens borne on the corolla, as many as its lobes or fewer, and alternate with them (in our species of Fraxinus and Forestiera of the Oleaceae there is no corolla). | |||
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Order 4. Gentianales | |||
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Order 5. Polemoniales | |||
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Order 6. Plantaginales. | |||
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B. Ovary inferior. | ||
Ι. | Anthers distinct. | |
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Order 7. Rubiales. | |
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Order 8. Valerienales | |
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ΙI. | Anthers united (except in Campanula and Specularia of the Campanulaceae, in Ambrosiaceae, and in Kuhnia of the compositae). | Order 9. Campanulales (Campanulatae) |
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