Genus PHÆNOSTICTUS Ridgway.
- Phænostictus[1] Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxii, Apr. 17, 1909, 70. (Type, Phlogopsis mcleannani Lawrence.)
Medium-sized or rather large Formicariidæ (length about 190 mm.) with bill stout and about as long as head, tail nearly as long as wing, tarsal scutella fused, sides of head naked, and with back and under parts conspicuously spotted with black.
Bill about as long as head, rather stout, moderately compressed terminally, its width at latero-frontal antiæ decidedly less than its depth at same point; culmen distinctly (almost sharply) ridged, nearly straight for most of its length or very slightly convex subbasally, decurved terminally, the tip of maxilla moderately uncinate; maxillary tomium nearly straight, slightly notched subterminally; mandibular tomium straight, minutely notched subterminally; gonys decidedly convex and prominent basally, faintly convex and ascending terminally. Nostril exposed, posteriorly in contact with thin feathering of latero-frontal antiæ, broadly oval, margined above by a rather broad extension of the membraneous integument of the nasal fossæ, an internal tubercle showing distinctly within posterior portion. Rictal bristles absent, but feathers of loral region with stiffened, bristle-like shafts. Wing moderate or rather large, with longest primaries extending considerably beyond secondaries; sixth, or fifth, sixth and seventh, primaries longest, the tenth (outermost) nearly two-thirds as long as the longest, the ninth about as long as secondaries. Tail of 12 rectrices, nearly as long as wing, graduated (graduation equal to length of tarsus or for about two-fifths its length), the rectrices rather narrow, rounded terminally. Tarsus a little more than one-third as long as wing, stout, booted (nonscutellate); middle toe, with claw, decidedly shorter than tarsus; outer toe, without claw, reaching to about middle of subterminal phalanx of middle toe, the inner toe slightly but decidedly shorter; hallux as long as inner toe, much stouter; basal phalanx and half of second phalanx of middle toe united to outer toe, the former united for a little more than half its length to inner toe; claws moderate in size and curvature, that of the hallux much shorter than the digit. Plumage full, the scapulars, interscapulars, and feathers of under parts broad, distinctly outlined, and compactly webbed, those of rump and flanks more elongated and lax; feathers of pileum short; loral, suborbital, and postocular regions naked, the ear quite exposed; a tuft or spot of short velvety feathers on upper eyelid.
Coloration. — Pileum grayish brown; throat and chest black; back, scapulars, and wing-coverts olive-brown or tawny-brown with large roundish black spots, the under parts with similar but smaller spots on a more rufescent ground; tail black.
Range. — Nicaragua to Panamá. (Monotypic.[2])
PHÆNOSTICTUS MCLEANNANI MCLEANNANI (Lawrence).
MC'LEANNAN'S ANTTHRUSH.
Adults (sexes alike). — Pileum plain grayish brown (sepia to dark broccoli brown); hindneck chestnut or rufous-chestnut; general color of upper parts light olive-brown (between raw-umber and broccoli brown), each feather of back, scapulars, wing-coverts, and tertials very conspicuously marked with a large roundish or transverse broadly elliptical subterminal spot of black, and broadly margined terminally with pale brownish buff or clay color; tail black or brownish black; loral, orbital, and auricular regions unfeathered, except for scattered bristly feathers on the first and a small patch of black feathers immediately above and another beneath eye, the naked skin azure blue in life; malar region, chin, throat, and upper chest uniform black; lower chest deep cinnamon-rufous, the lower chest similar but slightly paler or duller, each feather with a large roundish, subcordate, or broadly elliptical transverse spot of black; breast and abdomen similarly spotted with black, but ground color less rufescent, the feathers broadly margined terminally with buff or brownish buff; flanks and lower abdomen plain olive-brown; under tail-coverts olive-brown, with a large subterminal spot of blackish and terminally margined with buffy brown or brownish buff; bill black, horn color or brownish at tip; iris brown; legs and feet yellowish (in dried skins — probably pinkish in life).
Young. — Pileum black, broadly barred with light gray; otherwise essentially like adults, but markings of back, etc., much less regular in form and less sharply contrasted, the feathers broadly tipped or terminally margined with tawny-buff, the under parts much darker, without any jugular area of cmnamon-rufous, the chest being black spotted with brownish tawny or cinnamon.
Adult male. — Length, (skins), 174-200 (191); wing, 86-97 (92); tail, 80-92.5 (86.3); culmen, 21.5-22.5 (22.1); tarsus, 32-33.5 (32.7); middle toe, 19-21.5 (20.6).[3]
Adult female. — Length. (skins), 184-203 (194); wing, 88-91 (89); tail, 82.5-88 (84.8); culmen, 22-23 (22.7); tarsus, 31-32.5 (31.8); middle toe, 20-21.5 (20.7).[4]
Eastern Panamá (Lion Hill; Panamá; Cascajál, Coclé; Santiago de Verágua?).[5]
- Phlogopsis mcleannani Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y., vii, 1862 (pub. May, 1860), 285, 294 (Lion Hill Station, Panamá Railway; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).
- Phlogopsis macleannani Sclater and Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1864, 357 (Lion Hill); Exotic Orn., pt. ii, pl. 9 (vol. ii, 1867, 17, pl. 15). — Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1867, 145 (Santiago de Verágua). — Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 300, part (Panamá; Santiago de Verágua). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 236, part (Lion Hill, Panamá; Santiago de Verágua). — Bangs, Proc. New Engl. Zool. Club, ii, 1900, 24 (Loma del Leon, Panamá).
- [Phlogopsis] macleannani Sclater and Salvin, Nom. Av. Neotr., 1873, 75. — Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 37, part (Panamá).
- (?) Phlegopsis macleannani Hartert, Novit. Zool., ix, 1902, 613 (Bulun, Rio Bogotá, n. w. Ecuadór; crit.).
PHÆSNOSTICTUS MCLEANNANI SATURATUS (Richmond).
RICHMOND'S ANTTHRUSH.
Similar to P. m. mcleannani, but coloration decidedly brighter, the general color of upper parts more tawny brown, with margins to feathers of back, etc., tawny or hght tawny-brown instead of buffy, the under parts also much more tawny brown, with cinnamon-rufous of chest brighter.[6]
Adult male. — Length (skins), 183-202 (191); wing, 91.5-96 (93.4); tail, 81-88.5 (84.6); culmen, 21-23 (22.1); tarsus, 30.5-34 (32.9); middle toe, 20-21.5 (20.7).[7]
Adult female. —Length (skins), 177-194 (184); wing, 86-90.5 (88.7); tail, 76.5-83 (79.1); culmen, 20.5-23 (21.8); tarsus, 29-33 (31.5); middle toe, 18.5-21 (20.2).[7]
Costa Rica (Tucurríqui; Angostura; Rio Súcio; Rio Reventazón; El Hogár; Guápiles; La Cristina; San Carlos; Cariblanco de Sarapiquí; Cerro Santa Maria; Tenório; La Vijágua; Volcan de Miravalles) and Nicaragua (Chontales; Rio Escondido).
- Phlogopsis macleannani (not of Lawrence, 1862) Lawrence, Ann. Lyc. N. Y., ix, 1868, 109 (Angostura, Costa Rica). — Salvin, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 1872, 313, 318 (Chontales, Nicaragua). — Ridgway, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., vi, 1883, 415 (Rio Súcio, Costa Rica). — Zeledón, Anal. Mus. Nac. Costa Rica, 1887, 115 (Rio Súcio). — Sclater, Cat. Birds Brit. Mus., xv, 1890, 300, part (Chontales, Nicaragua; Tucurríqui, Costa Rica). — Salvin and Godman, Biol. Centr.-Am., Aves, ii, 1892, 236, part (Chontales, Nicaragua; Tucurríqui, Angostura, and Rio Súcio, Costa Rica). — Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xvi, 1893, 502 (Rio Escondido, Nicaragua; habits, etc.). — Underwood, Ibis, 1896, 441 (Volcan de Miravalles, Costa Rica).
- [Phlogopsis] macleannani Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 37, part (Nicaragua).
- Phlegopsis macleannani Frantzius, Journ. für Orn., 1869, 306 (Costa Rica).
- Phlegopsis saturata Richmond, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., xviii, Aug. 12, 1896, 625 (Rio Escondido, 50 m. from Bluefields, Nicaragua; coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.).
- [Phlogopsis] saturata Sharpe, Hand-list, iii, 1901, 37 (Nicaragua).
- Phænostidus macleannani saturatus Carriker, Ann. Carnegie Mus., vi, 1910, 622 (Caribbean lowlands and foothills of Costa Rica, 600-1,500 ft.; crit.; habits).
- ↑ ?, I display, exhibit; ?, marked, spotted.
- ↑ The genus Phlegopsis Reictienbach (type Myothera nigromaculata Lafresnaye and D'Orbigny), to which the type of Phænostictus has hitherto been referred, differs conspicuously in shorter and slightly rounded tail (only two-thirds as long as wing, graduated for less than one-seventh its length) of, apparently, only 10 rectrices; very dense, plush-like, feathering of forehead and anterior half of loral region; wholly (and densely) feathered malar region; covered ears; weaker bill, with less sharply ridged culmen and less elevated as well as broadly rounded mesorhinium, and wide, smooth, naked space between nostril and loral feathering. The coloration, too, while somewhat similar is really very different, the head, neck, and under parts being uniform black, the remiges and tail chestnut, the feet black instead of yellow, and the naked skin on sides of head yellow instead of blue (in life).
I have not seen Formicarius trivittatus Sclater nor F. erythropterus Gould, both of which are referred by recent authors to Phlegopsis, but, according to descriptions, these are so different in their style of coloration that the matter of their structural characters should be carefully looked into. - ↑ Five specimens.
- ↑ Three specimens.
- ↑ I have not seen specimens from Verágua. They may be referable to P. m. saturatus.
- ↑ Naked skin on head azure blue, around ears and along lower jaw campanula blue; bill black; tarsi, feet, and claws pinkish vinaceous." (C. W. Richmond.)
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Eleven specimens.
Locality. Wing. Tall. Culmen. Tarsus. Middle
toe.males. One adult male from Nicaragua 95.5 88.5 21 32.5 20 Ten adult males from Costa Rica 93.1 84.2 22.1 32.9 20.7 Five adult males (P. m. mcleannani) from Panamá 92 86.3 22.1 32.7 20.6 females. One adult female from Nicaragua 87.5 76.5 22 32 21 Ten adult females from Costa Rica 88.8 79.3 21.6 31.3 20.1 Three adult females (P. m. mcleannani) from Panamá 89 84.8 22.7 31.8 20.7