- Canon, of Scripture.
- Canon, ecclesiastical officer.
- Canon Law.
- Canonical Hours.
- Canonization.
- Canopus, town, ancient Egypt.
- Canosa, town, South Italy.
- Canova, Antonio, Italian sculptor.
- Canstatt, town, Würtemberg.
- Canstein, Karl Hildebrand, count of, German writer.
- Cantabria, district, ancient Spain.
- Cantacuzenus, Johannes, emperor of the East.
- Cantagallo, town, Brazil.
- Cantal, department, France.
- Cantarina, Simone, Italian painter.
- Cantemir, Antiochus, Russian poet.
- Cantemir, Demetrius, voivode of Moldavia.
- Canterbury, town, England.
- Canterbury, province, New Zealand.
- Cantharides, in pharmacy.
- Canticles, book of Scripture.
- Canton, town, China.
- Canton, town, Ohio, U.S.A.
- Canton, John, English physicist.
- Cantu, or Canturio, town, Italy.
- Canusium, ancient town, Italy (Canosa, q.v.).
- Canute, or Cnut, king of Denmark and England.
- Canvas, cloth.
- Caoutchouc (India-Rubber, q.v.).
- Cape Breton, island, Nova Scotia.
- Cape Coast Castle, town, West Africa.
- Cape Colony, South Africa.
- Cape Haytien, town, Hayti.
- Cape Verd Islands.
- Capefigue, Baptiste Honoré Raymond, French writer.
- Capel, Lord, English Royalist leader.
- Capell, Edward, Shakespearean critic.
- Capella, Martianus Mineus Felix, scientific writer.
- Capercally, or Capercailzie, bird.
- Capernaum, Palestine.
- Capers, pickle.
- Capet, royal family, France.
- Capgrave, John, English historian.
- Capillary Action.
- Capis, town, Philippine Islands.
- Capistrano, Giovanni di, Franciscan monk.
- Capital, in political economy.
- Capitanata, province, Italy.
- Capito, Wolfgang Fabricius, German theologian.
- Capitol, or Capitolium, at Rome (See Rome).
- Capitolinus, Julius, Augustan historian (See Augustan History).
- Capitularies, Frankish laws.
- Capitulation, surrender.
- Capmany, Antonio de Montpalan y, Spanish historian.
- Capo d'Istria, town, Austria.
- Capo d'Istria, or Capodistrias, John, Count, Russian diplomatist and president of Greece.
- Cappadocia, province, Asia Minor.
- Cappel, French family of distinguished scholars.
- Cappel, Louis, French Protestant theologian.
- Capperonier, Claude, French classical scholar.
- Caprera, island, Italy.
- Capri, island, Italy.
- Capiscum (Cayenne Pepper, q.v.).
- Capstan, for raising weights.
- Capua, ancient town, Italy.
- Capuchins, Franciscan monks.
- Capybara, rodent mammal.
- Caracal, or Lynx, carnivorous mammal.
- Caracalla, Roman emperor.
- Caracas, town, Venezuela.
- Caracci, Lodovico, Agostino, and Annibale, Italian painters.
- Caractacus, or Caradoc, British chief (See Britannia).
- Caraman, or Karaman, town, Asiatic Turkey.
- Caramania, district, Asiatic Turkey.
- Caravaggio, Michelangelo Amerighi da, Italian painter.
- Caravaggio, Polidoro Caldara da, Italian painter.
- Caravan, company of travellers.
- Caravanserai, for shelter of caravans.
- Caravellas, town, Brazil.
- Caraway, culinary herb.
- Carbolic Acid.
- Carbon, chemical element.
- Carbonari, Italian secret societies.
- Carbondale, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
- Carbuncle, precious stone.
- Carbuncle, skin affection.
- Carcajente, town, Spain.
- Carcassonne, town, France.
- Cardamom, aromatic fruit.
- Cardan, Girolamo, Italian mathematician and physicist.
- Cardenas, town, Cuba.
- Cardiff, town, Wales.
- Cardigan, county, Wales.
- Cardigan, Seventh Earl of, British general.
- Cardinal, in Roman Catholic Church.
- Cardona, town, Spain.
- Cards, Playing.
- Carducci, or Carducho, Bartolommeo, Italian painter.
- Carducci, or Carducho, Vincenzo, Italian painter.
- Cardwell, Edward, English historian.
- Carew, George, English diplomatist and historian.
- Carew, George, earl of Totness, writer on Ireland.
- Carew, Richard, author of Survey of Cornwall.
- Carew, Thomas, English poet.
- Carey, Henry, English humorist and musician.
- Carey, William, Indian missionary and Orientalist.
- Cargill, Donald, Scottish Covenanter.
- Caria, province, Asia Minor.
- Cariaco, town, Venezuela.
- Caribbean Sea.
- Caribbee Islands, West Indies.
- Caribs, race of people, Central America.
- Caricature.
- Caries, bone disease.
- Carignano, town, Italy.
- Carimata Islands, Indian Archipelago.
- Carini, town, Sicily.
- Carinola, town, Italy.
- Carinthia, crown-land, Austria.
- Caripe, town, Venezuela.
- Carisbrooke, village and castle, Isle of Wight.
- Carissimi, Giacomo, Italian composer.
- Carleton, Sir Dudley, English statesman.
- Carleton, William, Irish novelist.
- Carli, Giovanni Rinaldo, count of, Italian economist.
- Carlisle, town, England.
- Carlisle, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
- Carlisle, Fifth Earl of, statesman.
- Carlisle, Seventh Earl of, statesman.
- Carlow, county, Ireland.
- Carlowitz, town, Hungary.
- Carlsbad, town, Bohemia.
- Carlsburg, town, Transylvania.
- Carlshamn, town, Sweden.
- Carlskrona, province and town, Sweden.
- Carlsruhe, town, Baden.
- Carlstad, province and town, Sweden.
- Carlstadt, town, Croatia, Austria.
- Carlstadt, district and town, Bavaria.
- Carlstadt (A. R. Bodenstein), German Reformer.
- Carluke, town, Scotland.
- Carlyle, Joseph Dacre, English Orientalist.
- Carmagnola, town, Italy.
- Carmagnola, Francesco Bussone, count of, condottiere.
- Carmarthen, county, Wales.
- Carmel, mountain, Palestine.
- Carmelites, order of monks.
- Carmichael, Gershom, Scottish metaphysician.
- Carmine, pigment.
- Carmona, town, Spain.
- Carnac, town, France.
- Carnarvon, county, Wales.
- Carnatic, district, India.
- Carneades, Greek philosopher.
- Carniola, province, Austria.
- Carnival, season preceding Lenten fast.
- Carnivora, order of mammals.
- Carnot, Lazare Nicolas Marguérite, French minister of war.
- Carnuntum, ancient town, Pannonia.
- Caro, Annibale, Italian poet.
- Carolan, Turlogh, Irish bard.
- Carolina, North and South, States, U.S.A. (North Carolina and South Carolina, q.v.).
- Caroline, Amelia Augusta, wife of George IV. of England.
- Caroline Islands, Pacific Ocean.
- Carora, town, Venezuela.
- Carouge, town, Switzerland.
- Carpathian Mountains.
- Carpathus, island, Asia Minor.
- Carpentaria, Gulf of, Australia.
- Carpentras, town, France.
- Carpentry, in building (See Building).
- Carpet.
- Carpi, town, Italy.
- Carpi, Girolamo da, Italian painter.
- Carpi, Ugo da, Italian painter.
- Carpini, Joannes de Plano, mediæval traveller.
- Carpocrates, Gnostic.
- Carpzov, family of distinguished Germans.
- Carranza, Bartolemé de, Spanish theologian.
- Carrara, town, Italy.
- Carrel, Armand, French publicist.
- Carriage.
- Carrickfergus, town, Ireland.
- Carrick-on-Suir, town, Ireland.
- Carrier, conveyer of goods.
- Carrier, Jean Baptiste, French Revolutionist.
- Carron, town, Scotland.
- Carstares, William, Scottish divine.
- Cartagena, town, Spain.
- Cartagena, town, Colombia, South America.
- Cartago, town, Costa-Rica, Central America.
- Cartago, town, Colombia, South America.
- Carte, Thomas, English historian.
- Carter, Elizabeth, English writer.
- Cartesianism.
- Carthage, ancient town, Africa.
- Carthusians, order of monks.
- Cartier, Jacques, French explorer.
- Cartoon, in painting.
- Cartwright, Edmund, inventor of power-loom.
- Cartwright, Major John, parliamentary reformer.
- Cartwright, Thomas, Puritan divine.
- Cartwright, William, English poet and dramatist.
- Carupano, town, Venezuela.
- Carus, Karl Gustav, German physiologist.
- Carvahal, Tomas José Gonsalez, Spanish poet.
- Carvin, town, France.
- Carving, in ivory & wood.
- Carving and Gilding.
- Cary, Henry Francis, translator of Dante.
- Cary, Sir Lucius, Viscount Falkland.
- Caryl, Joseph, Nonconformist divine.
- Casa, Giovanni della, Italian poet.
- Casa Calenda, town, Italy.
- Casale, town, Italy.
- Casalmaggiore, town, Italy.
- Casalpusterlengo, town, Italy.
- Casanova de Seingalt, Italian adventurer.
- Casas Grandes, town, Mexico.
- Casaubon, Isaac, Huguenot scholar.
- Casbin, or Kasbin, town, Persia.
- Casciano dei Bagni, town, Italy.
- Caserta, town, Italy.
- Cashan, or Kashan, town, Persia.
- Cashel, town, Ireland.
- Cashew Nut.
- Cashgar, town, Turkestan (Kashgar, q.v.).
- Cashmere, state, Asia (Kashmir, q.v.).
- Casino, Benedictine monastery of (Monte Casino, q.v.).
- Casiri, Michael, librarian of the Escorial.
- Casoria, town, Italy.
- Caspe, town, Spain.
- Caspian Sea.
- Cass, Lewis, American statesman.
- Cassaba, town, Asia Minor.
- Cassana, Niccolo, Italian painter.
- Cassander, king of Macedonia.
- Cassander, George, Flemish theologian.
- Cassandra, in Greek legend.
- Cassano, town, Italy.
- Cassava, farinaceous plant.
- Cassel, town, Germany.
- Cassel, town, France.
- Cassia Bark.
- Cassianus, Joannes Eremita, monk.
- Cassini, family of French astronomers.
- Cassiodorus, or Cassiodorius, Magnus Aurelius, Roman historian.
- Cassis, town, France.
- Cassius Longinus, Caius, assassin of Julius Cæsar.
- Cassowary, bird.
- Castagno, Andrea del, Italian painter.
- Castalia, fountain, Delphi, Greece.
- Castanos, Don Francisco Xavier de, Spanish general.
- Caste, social distinction.
- Castel, Louis Bertrand, French mathematician.
- Castel-a-Mare, town, Italy.
- Castel-a-Mare, town, Sicily.
- Castel Sarrasin, town, France.
- Castel Vetrano, town, Sicily.
- Castell, Edmund, English Orientalist.
- Castelli, Ignaz Friedrich, Austrian dramatist.
- Castello, Bernardo, Italian painter.
- Castello, Giovanni Battista, Italian painter.
- Castello, Valerio, Italian painter.
- Castellon de la Plana, town, Spain.
- Castelnau, Michel de, French chronicler.
- Castelnaudary, town, France.
- Castelo Branco, town, Portugal.
- Casti, Giovanni Battista, Italian poet.
- Castiglione delle Stiviere, town, Italy.
- Castiglione, Baldassare, Italian writer and diplomatist.
- Castiglione, Giovanni Benedetto, Italian painter.
- Castiglione, Carlo Ottavio, Count, Italian philologist.
- Castile, Kingdom of, Spain.
- Castillejo, Cristobal de, Spanish poet.
- Casting, Metal (Founding, q.v.).
- Castle.
- Castlebar, town, Ireland.
- Castlereagh, Visount (Londonderry, Second Marquis of, q.v.).
- Castletown, town, Isle of Man.
- Castor and Pollux, in Greek mythology.
- Castor Oil.
- Castrén, Matthias Alexander, Russian philologist.
- Castrensis, Paulus, Italian jurist.
- Castres, town, France.
- Castro, town, Italy.
- Castro del Rio, town, Spain.
- Castrogiovanni, town, Sicily.
- Castro Nuovo, town, Sicily.
- Castro Reale, town, Sicily.
- Castro Urdiales, town, Spain.
- Castro, Guillen de, Spanish dramatist.
- Castro, Inez de, wife of Pedro I. of Portugal.
- Castro, João de, viceroy of Portuguese Indies.
- Castrovillari, town, Italy.
- Castruccio Castracani, Ghibelline chief.
- Casuistry.
- Caswall, Henry, American divine.
- Cat.
- Catacombs.
- Catalepsy, nervous affection.
- Catalonia, province, Spain.
- Catamarca, town, Argentine Republic.
- Catania, town, Sicily.
- Catanzaro, town, Italy.
- Catapulta, ancient military engine.
- Cataract, disease of the eye (See Ophthamalmic Diseases).
- Catarrh, disease.
- Catawbas, North-American tribe.
- Cateau Cambrésis, town, France.
- Catechism.
- Catechu, drug and dyestuff.
- Catechumen, candidate for baptism.
- Categories, in logic and philosophy.
- Caterpillar, larva stage of butterfly (See Butterflies).
- Catgut, string.
- Cathay, China as known to mediæval Europe (See China).
- Cathcart, Sir George, British general.
- Cathedral, principal church of a diocese.
- Catherine, Saints.
- Catherine I., empress of Russia.
- Catherine II., empress of Russia.
- Catherine de' Medici, wife of Henry II. of France.
- Catherine of Aragon, wife of Henry VIII. of England.
- Catherine of Braganza, wife of Charles II. of England.
- Catherine of Valois, wife of Henry V. of England.
- Catholic, designation of the Christian Church.
- Catholic Apostolic Church.
- Catilina, Lucius Sergius, Roman conspirator.
- Catlin, George, writer on the American Indians.
- Catmandoo, capital of Nepal (Khatmandu, q.v.).
- Cato, M. Porcius, the Elder, Roman censor.
- Cato, M. Porcius, Uticensis.
- Cato, Dionysius, Roman moralist.
- Cats, Jacob, Dutch poet.
- Catskill Mountains, United States.
- Cattack, district & town, India.
- Cattaro, town, Austria.
- Cattermole, George, English painter.
- Catti, ancient Germanic people.
- Cattle.
- Cattolica, town, Sicily.
- Catullus, C. Valerius, Latin poet.
- Caucasia, government, Russia.
- Caucasus, chain of mountains.
- Caudete, town, Spain.
- Caudine Forks, Italian valley.
- Cava, or La Cava, town, Italy.
- Cavaignac, Louis Eugène, French general.
- Cavaillon, town, France.
- Cavalcanti, Guido, Italian poet.
- Cavalier, Jean, chief of the Camisards, France.
- Cavallini, Pietro, Italian painter.
- Cavallo, Tiberius, Italian electrician.
- Cavalry.
- Cavan, county & town, Ireland.
- Cavanilles, Antonio José, Spanish botanist.
- Cave, or Cavern.
- Cave, Edward, English publisher and editor.
- Cave, William, English theologian.
- Cavedone, Jacopo, Italian painter.
- Cavendish, Henry, English chemist and physicist.
- Cavendish, Margaret (Newcastle, Duchess of, q.v.).
- Cavendish, Thomas, English navigator.
- Cavendish, Sir William, English courtier.
- Cavendish, William (Devonshire, First Duke of, q.v.).
- Cavite, town, Philippine Islands.
- Cavore, or Cavour, town, Italy.
- Cavour, Count, Italian statesman.
- Cavy, rodent mammal.
- Cawnpur, or Cawnpore, district and town, India.
- Caxamarca, town, Peru.
- Caxatambo, town, Peru.
- Caxton, William, first English printer.
- Cayenne (See Guinea).
- Cayenne, town, French Guiana.
- Cayenne Pepper.
- Caylus, Comte de, French artist and writer.
- Cazalla de la Sierra, town, Spain.
- Cazembe, chief and his territory, Africa.
- Cazorla, town, Spain.
- Cazotte, Jacques, French writer.
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- Ceará, town, Brazil.
- Cebes, of Thebes, Greek philosopher.
- Cebu, island, Philippines.
- Cecco d'Ascoli, Francesco degli Stabili, Italian encyclopædist and poet.
- Cecil, Robert, earl of Salisbury, lord high treasurer of England.
- Cecil, William, Lord Burghley, minister of Queen Elizabeth.
- Cecilia, St.
- Cecrops, king of Attica.
- Cedar, tree.
- Cefalu, town, Sicily.
- Cehegin, town, Spain.
- Celano, town and lake, Italy.
- Celebes, island, Indian Archipelago.
- Celery, vegetable.
- Celestine, popes.
- Celestines, order of monks.
- Celibacy.
- Cellini, Benvenuto, Italian sculptor and metal-worker.
- Celsius, Anders, Swedish astronomer.
- Celsus, anti-Christian writer.
- Celtiberia, ancient division of Spain.
- Celtic Literature.
- Cements.
- Cemetery.
- Cenci, Beatrice, parricide.
- Ceneda, district, Italy.
- Censor, Roman magistrate.
- Census, enumeration of people.
- Centaurs, in Greek mythology.
- Centipedes and Millipedes, insects.
- Centlivre, Susanna, British dramatist.
- Cento, town, Italy.
- Cento, composition made up of extracts.
- Centorbi, town, Sicily.
- Central America.
- Central India Political Agency.
- Central Provinces, India.
- Centumviri, Roman judges.
- Centurion, Roman military officer.
- Ceos, island, Greece.
- Cephalonia, island, Greece.
- Ceram, island, Indian Archipelago.
- Cerberus, in Greek mythology.
- Cerdonians, Gnostic sect.
- Ceres, in Roman mythology.
- Cerignola, town, Italy.
- Cerigo, island, Greece.
- Cerigotto, island, Greece.
- Cerinthus, early heretic.
- Cerreto, town, Italy.
- Cerro de Pasco, town, Peru.
- Certaldo, town, Italy.
- Cervantes-Saavedra, Miguel de, author of Don Quixote.
- Cervia, town, Italy.
- Cesari, Giuseppe, Italian painter.
- Cesarotti, Melchiore, Italian poet.
- Cesena, town, Italy.
- Cespedes, Pablo de, Spanish painter and poet.
- Cetacea, order of Mammals.
- Cetina, Gutierre de, Spanish soldier and poet.
- Cette, town, France.
- Cettinje, or Cettinye, town, Montenegro.
- Ceuta, town, Morocco.
- Ceva, town, Italy.
- Cévennes, mountains, France.
- Ceylon.
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- Chablis, town, France.
- Chabrias, Athenian general.
- Chaderton, Laurence, English Puritan divine.
- Chæroneia, or Chæronea, ancient town, Greece.
- Chaffinch, bird.
- Chagres, town, Panama.
- Chalcedon, ancient town, Asia Minor.
- Chalcis, town, Eubœa, Greece (See Eubœia).
- Chaldea, or Chaldæa, ancient country, Asia (See Babylonia).
- Chalk.
- Challoner, Richard, English Roman Catholic bishop.
- Chalmers, Alexander, English writer.
- Chalmers, George, Scottish historiographer and antiquary.
- Chalmers, Thomas, Scottish divine.
- Chaloner, Sir Thomas, English statesman and poet.
- Châlon-sur-Saône, town, France.
- Châlons-sur-Marne, town, France.
- Chalotais, Louis René de Caradeue de la, French politician (La Chalotais, q.v.).
- Chalybäus, Heinrich Moritz, German philosopher.
- Chamba, state, India.
- Chamberlain.
- Chambers, Ephraim, English encyclopædist.
- Chambers, George, English painter.
- Chambers, Robert, English writer and publisher.
- Chambersburg, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
- Chambéry, town, France.
- Chambord, chateau, Loire-et-Cher, France.
- Chameleon, kind of lizard.
- Chamfort, Nicholas, French wit and writer.
- Chamisso, Adalbert von, German writer.
- Chamois, kind of antelope.
- Chamomile, or Camomile, plant.
- Chamouni, or Chamonix, village and valley, Savoy.
- Champagne, province, France.
- Champagne, Philippe de, Flemish painter.
- Champaran, district, India.
- Champeaux, William of, scholastic philosopher.
- Champlain, Lake, New York and Vermont, U.S.A.
- Champlain, Samuel de, French explorer and governor of Canada.
- Champollion, Jean François, French Egyptologist.
- Champollion-Figeac, Jean Jacques, French scholar.
- Chancellor.
- Chancery, Court of, England.
- Chanda, district and town, India.
- Chandarnagar, or Chundernagore, French settlement, India.
- Chandler, Richard, British antiquary.
- Chandler, Samuel, English Presbyterian divine.
- Chang-Chow, town, China.
- Channel Islands, England.
- Channing, William Ellery, American theological writer.
- Chantiban, town, Siam.
- Chantilly, town, France.
- Chantrey, Sir Francis, English sculptor.
- Chapelain, Jean, French poet.
- Chapel-Hill, town, North Carolina, U.S.A.
- Chapman, George, English poet and dramatist.
- Chappe, Claude, French engineer.
- Chaptal, Jean Antoine, French chemist and statesman.
- Chapter, of a cathedral (See Cathedral).
- Chapu, town, China.
- Charade.
- Charcas (See Sucre).
- Charcoal.
- Chard, town, England.
- Chardin, Sir John, traveller.
- Charente, department, France.
- Charente-Inférieure, department, France.
- Charenton-le-Pont, town, France.
- Chariot.
- Charities, English.
- Chariton, of Aphrodisias, Greek romancist.
- Charlemagne (Charles the Great), emperor.
- Charlemagne, Jean Armand, French dramatist.
- Charlemont, citadel of Givet, France (See Givet).
- Charleroi, town, Belgium.
- Charles I., king of England.
- Charles II., of England.
- Charles I., the Bald (emperor Charles II.), king of France.
- Charles II., the Fat (emperor Charles III.), of France.
- Charles III., the Simple, of France.
- Charles IV., the Fair, of France.
- Charles V., the Wise, of France.
- Charles VI., of France.
- Charles VII., of France.
- Charles VIII., of France.
- Charles IX., of France.
- Charles X., of France.
- Charles I., the Great, emperor (Charlemagne, q.v.).
- Charles II., the Bald, emperor (Charles I. of France, q.v.).
- Charles III., the Fat, emperor (Charles II. of France, q.v.).
- Charles IV., emperor.
- Charles V. (Charles I. of Spain), emperor.
- Charles VI., emperor.
- Charles VII., emperor.
- Charles I., king of Spain (Emperor Charles V., q.v.).
- Charles II., of Spain.
- Charles III., of Spain.
- Charles IV., of Spain.
- Charles IX., king of Sweden.
- Charles X. (Charles Gustavus), of Sweden.
- Charles XI., of Sweden.
- Charles XII., of Sweden.
- Charles XIII., of Sweden.
- Charles XIV., of Sweden (Bernadotte, q.v.).
- Charles XV., of Sweden.
- Charles, count of Anjou and Provence, king of Naples.
- Charles II., the Bad, of Navarre.
- Charles IV., of Navarre.
- Charles, or Charles Louis, archduke of Austria.
- Charles, the Bold, duke of Burgundy.
- Charles Albert, king of Sardinia.
- Charles Augustus, grand-duke of Saxe-Weimar.
- Charles Edward Stuart, prince.
- Charles Emmanuel I., duke of Savoy.
- Charles Martel, mayor of the palace, France.
- Charleston, town, South Carolina, U.S.A.
- Charlestown, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
- Charlet, Nicolas Toussaint, French painter.
- Charleville, town, France.
- Charlevoix, Pierre François Xavier de, French traveller.
- Charlottenburg, town, Prussia.
- Charlottesville, town, Virginia, U.S.A.
- Charlottetown, town, Prince Edward Island, North America.
- Charolles, town, France.
- Charon, in Greek mythology.
- Charondas, Greek lawgiver.
- Charpentier, François, French archæologist.
- Charron, Pierre, French philosopher.
- Charter.
- Charter-Party, shipping contract.
- Chartier, Alain, French writer.
- Chartism, movement for political reform.
- Chartres, town, France.
- Chartreuse, Le Grande, monastery, France.
- Charybdis, whirlpool (See Scylla and Charybdis).
- Chase, Salmon Portland, American statesman.
- Chastelain, Georges, Burgundian chronicler.
- Chastelard, Pierre Boscobel de, French poet.
- Chateaubriand, François René, Vicomte de, French essayist.
- Châteaubriant, town, France.
- Châteaudun, town, France.
- Château-Gontier, town, France.
- Châteauroux, town, France.
- Château-Thierry, town, France.
- Châtellerault, town, France.
- Chatham, town, England.
- Chatham, First Earl of, (William Pitt), English statesman.
- Chatham Islands, Pacific Ocean.
- Châtillon-sur-Seine, town, France.
- Chatsworth, seat of duke of Devonshire, Derby, England.
- Chattanooga, town, Tennessee, U.S.A.
- Chatterton, Thomas, English poet.
- Chaucer, Geoffrey, English poet.
- Chaudes-Aigues, town, France.
- Chaumont, town, France.
- Chauny, town, France.
- Chauvin, Étienne, French Reformed divine.
- Chaux de Fonds, town, Switzerland.
- Chaves, town, Portugal.
- Chazelles, Jean Mattheiu de, French mathematician.
- Cheduba, island, Bay of Bengal.
- Che-Foo, or Yan-Tai, town, China.
- Cheese.
- Cheetah, or Hunting Leopard.
- Cheke, Sir John, English scholar.
- Chelmsford, town, England.
- Chelsea, borough, London.
- Chelsea, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
- Cheltenham, town, England.
- Chemistry.
- Chemnitz, town, Saxony.
- Chemnitz, Martin, German Lutheran divine.
- Chénier, André-Marie de, French poet.
- Chénier, Marie-Joseph de, French poet and dramatist.
- Cheops, Egyptian king.
- Chephren, or Khafra, Egyptian king.
- Chepstow, town, Monmouth, England.
- Cheque, in banking.
- Cher, department, France.
- Cherasco, town, Italy.
- Cherbourg, town, France.
- Cheribon, town, Java.
- Cherokees, American-Indian tribe.
- Cherry, tree and fruit.
- Cherso, island, Illyria.
- Chersonese, peninsula.
- Chertsey, town, England.
- Cherubim, of Scripture.
- Cherubini, M. L. Z. C. Salvatore, Italian musical composer.
- Cherusci, ancient German tribe.
- Cheshire, county, England.
- Chesne, André du (Duchesne, q.v.).
- Chesney, Charles Cornwallis, English military writer.
- Chess, game.
- Chester, town, England.
- Chester, town, Pennsylvania, U.S.A.
- Chesterfield, town, England.
- Chesterfield, Fourth Earl of.
- Chester-le-Street, town, England.
- Chestnut, tree and fruit.
- Cheviot Hills, Great Britain.
- Chézy, Antoine Léonard, French Orientalist.
- Chhatisgarh, district, India.
- Chhindwara, district and town, India.
- Chiabrera, Gabriello, Italian lyric poet.
- Chiaramonte, town, Sicily.
- Chiari, town, Italy.
- Chiavari, town, Italy.
- Chiavenna, town, Italy.
- Chicago, town, Illinois, U.S.A.
- Chichele, or Chichely, Henry, archbishop of Canterbury.
- Chichester, town, England.
- Chickasaws, American-Indian tribe.
- Chiclana, town, Spain.
- Chicopee, town, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
- Chicory, plant.
- Chieri, town, Italy.
- Chieti, town, Italy.
- Chihuahua, town, Mexico.
- Childers, Robert Cæsar, English Orientalist.
- Chili, or Chile, country, South America.
- Chillan, town, Chili.
- Chilianwala, India, Battle of (1849).
- Chillicothe, town, Ohio, U.S.A.
- Chillingworth, William, English divine.
- Chilmaree, town, India.
- Chiloe, island and province, Chili.
- Chilon, Greek sage.
- Chiltern Hills, England.
- Chimæra, in Greek mythology.
- Chimay, town, Belgium.
- Chimpanzee, ape (See Ape).
- China.
- Chincha Islands, Peru.
- Chinchew, town, China.
- Chinchilla, town, Spain.
- Chinchilla, rodent mammal.
- Chindwara (Chindwara, q.v.).
- Chingleput.
- Chin-hae, or Ching-hai, town, China.
- Chin-keang Foo, town, China.
- Chinon, town, France.
- Chinsurah, town, India.
- Chioggia, town, Italy.
- Chios, Greek island (Scio, q.v.).
- Chippenham, town, England.
- Chippeways, American Indians (Ojibway, q.v.).
- Chiron, in Greek mythology.
- Chiswick, village, England.
- Chittagong, district and town, India.
- Chittagong Hill Tracts, district, India.
- Chiusa, town, Italy.
- Chiusi, town, Italy.
- Chivasso, town, Italy.
- Chlamydophore, edentate mammal.
- Chloral, in chemistry.
- Chlorine, chemical element.
- Chloroform, in chemistry.
- Chocolate, preparation from Cocoa.
- Choctaws, North-American Indians.
- Chodowiecki, Daniel Nicolas, Polish painter.
- Choiseul, César, Duc de, French general.
- Choiseul, Claude Antoine Gabriel, Duc de, French royalist.
- Choiseul, Étienne François, Duc de, French statesman.
- Cholera.
- Cholet, town, France.
- Cholula, town, Mexico.
- Chons, or Khuns, Egyptian diety.
- Chopin, Frédéric François, Polish musical composer.
- Chorea, disease.
- Chorley, town, England.
- Chorus, in the Greek drama (See Drama and Music).
- Chosroes I., or Khosran I., king of Persia (See Khosru and Persia).
- Chouans, royalist insurgents, France.
- Chrestien, Florent, French satirist and Latin poet.
- Chrestien de Troyes, early French romancist.
- Christ, the Messiah.
- Christchurch, town, England.
- Christchurch, town, New Zealand.
- Christiania, town, Norway.
- Christianity.
- Christiansand, town, Norway.
- Christianstad, town, Sweden.
- Christiansund, town, Norway.
- Christina, queen of Sweden.
- Christine de Pisan, early French writer.
- Christmas Day.
- Christopher, St.
- Christopoulous, Athanasias, modern Greek poet.
- Chromium, chemical element.
- Chronicles, Books of.
- Chronology.
- Chronometer, timepiece.
- Chrudim, town, Bohemia.
- Chrysippus, Greek philosopher.
- Chrysoloras, Manuel, Greek grammarian.
- Chrysostom, John, St, archbishop of Constantinople.
- Chubb, or Chub, fish (See Angling).
- Chubb, Thomas, English deist.
- Chunar, or Chunarghur, town, India.
- Chund, or Chaud, Hindi writer.
- Chuprah, town, India.
- Chuquisaca, department, Bolivia (See Sucre).
- Chur, town, Switzerland (Coire, q.v.).
- Church, The.
- Church History.
- Churchill, Charles, English satirist.
- Churchill, John, duke of Marlborough, English general (Marlborough, q.v.).
- Churchyard, Thomas, English soldier and writer.
- Chusan, island, China.
- Chutia Nagpur, district, India.
- Chutia Nagpur Tributary States, India.
- Chutterpur, town, India.
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- Cibber, or Cibert, Caius Gabriel, Danish sculptor.
- Cibber, Colley, English dramatist and laureate.
- Cicacole, town, India.
- Cicero, Marcus Tullius, Roman orator and writer.
- Cicognara, Leopoldo, Count, Italian archæologist.
- Cid, The (Ruy Diaz Campeador), Spanish hero.
- Cider, beverage.
- Cienfuegos, Nicasio Alvarez de, Spanish poet.
- Cigar.
- Cignani, Carlo, Italian painter.
- Cigoli, Luigi Cardi da, Italian painter.
- Cilicia.
- Cimabue, Giovanni, Italian painter.
- Cimarosa, Domenico, Italian musical composer.
- Cimbri, ancient Germanic tribe.
- Cimmerii, or Cimmerians, ancient Scythian race.
- Cimon, Athenian statesman and general.
- Cinchona, tree and bark.
- Cincinnati, town, Ohio, U.S.A.
- Cincinnatus, Lucius Quinctius, Roman hero.
- Cineas, advisor of Pyrrhus.
- Cinna, Lucius Cornelius, Roman consul.
- Cinnabar, mineral.
- Cinnamon, spice.
- Cino da Pistoia (Guittorcino de' Sinibuldi), Italian poet and jurist.
- Cinq-Mars, Marquis de, French courtier.
- Cinque Ports, England.
- Cintra, town, Portugal.
- Cipher-Writing (Cryptography, q.v.).
- Cipriani, Giovanni Battista, Italian painter.
- Circar, province, India.
- Circassia, region of the Caucasus.
- Circe, in Greek mythology.
- Circeii, ancient town, Italy.
- Circuit, in law.
- Circumcision.
- Circus, Roman.
- Cirencester, town, England.
- Cirillo, Domenico, Italian physician and patriot.
- Cirta (Constantine), ancient town, Africa.
- Cis-Sutlej States, India.
- Cistercians, order of monks.
- Citeaux, village, France.
- Cithæron, mountain, Greece.
- Citric Acid.
- Citron, tree and fruit.
- Città della Pieve, town, Italy.
- Città di Castello, town, Italy.
- Città Vecchia, town, Malta.
- City.
- Ciudad Bolivar, town, Venezuela (Angostura, q.v.).
- Ciudad Real, town, Spain.
- Ciudad Real, town, Mexico (San Christobal, q.v.).
- Ciudad Rodrigo, town, Spain.
- Ciudadela, town, Minorca.
- Civet, carnivorous mammal.
- Cividale, town, Italy.
- Civil Law.
- Civita Castellana, town, Italy.
- Civita di Penne, town, Italy.
- Civita Vecchia, town, Italy.
- Clackmannan, county, Scotland.
- Clairault, Alexis-Claude, French mathematician.
- Clamecy, town, France.
- Clan.
- Claparède, J. L. R. A. Édouard, Swiss naturalist.
- Clapperton, Hugh, African traveller.
- Clare, county, Ireland.
- Clare, John, English poet.
- Clarendon, First Earl of (Edward Hyde), English statesman and historian.
- Clari, Giovanni Carlo Maria, Italian musical composer.
- Clarinet, musical instrument (See Musical Instruments).
- Clark, Sir James, English physician.
- Clark, Thomas, Scottish chemist.
- Clarke, Adam, Wesleyan divine.
- Clarke, Edward Daniel, English traveller.
- Clarke, Samuel, English philosopher and theologian.
- Clarkson, Thomas, English philanthropist.
- Clauberg, John, German philosopher.
- Claude, Jean, French Protestant writer.
- Claude of Lorraine, founder of the Guise family.
- Claudet, Antoine François, French photographer.
- Claudianus, Claudius, Roman poet.
- Claudius, Appius Cæcus, Roman patrician.
- Claudius, Appius Crassus, Roman decemvir.
- Claudius, Tiberius, Roman emperor.
- Claudius, Marcus Aurelius, Roman emperor.
- Claudius, Matthias, German poet.
- Clavijo, Ruy Gonzalez de, Spanish traveller.
- Clay, Henry, American politician.
- Clazomenæ, ancient town, Asia Minor.
- Cleanthes, Greek philosopher.
- Clearchus, Spartan general.
- Clemens Alexandrinus, theologian.
- Clement, popes.
- Clement, François, French historian.
- Clementi, Muzio, Italian musical composer.
- Cleobulus, Greek sage.
- Cleomenes, kings of Sparta.
- Cleon, Athenian leader.
- Cleopatra I.–VI., queens of Egypt.
- Clepsydra, hydraulic clock.
- Clerc, Jean le (Leclerc, q.v.).
- Clergy.
- Clergy, Benefit of, in law.
- Clermont-Ferrand, town, France.
- Clermont en Beauvoisis, town, France.
- Clermont-l'Hérault, town, France.
- Cleveland, town, Ohio, U.S.A.
- Cleveland, John, English poet.
- Cleves, town, Prussia.
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