Nithpa.=Nithpaël.
Num.=Numeri, Book of (Numbers).
Num. R.=Numeri Rabbah (Midrash Babbah to Numbers, B'midbar Rabbah).
Ob.=Obadiah, Book of.
Ohol.=Ohŏ1oth (Ahiloth, Mishnah and Tosefta).
onomatop.=onomatopoetic.
opin.=opinion.
opp.=opposed.
Orl.=ʿOrlah (Mishnah, Tosefta and Y'rushalmi).
oth.=other, another, others.
P. Sm. = Payne Smith, Thesaurus Syriacus.
Par.=Parah (Mishnah and Tosefta).
Par.=Parashah, referring to Sifra.
part.=participle.
Perl. Et. St.=Perles Etymologische Studien, Breslau 1871.
pers. pron.=personal pronoun.
Pes.=P'saḥim (Talmud).
Pesik.=P'siḳta d'R. Kahăna, ed. Buber.
„ R.=P'siḳta Rabbathi (ed. Friedman).
„ Zutr.=P'siḳta Zuṭrathi, ed. Buber.
Pfl.=Löw, Aramaische Pflanzennamen, Leipzig 1881.
phraseol.=pbraseology.
Pi.=Piël.
Pl.
pr. n.=proper noun.
pr. n. f.=proper noun of a female person.
pr. n. m.=proper noun of a male person,
pr. n. pl.=proper noun of a place.
preced.=preceding.
„art.=preceding article.
„w.=„word.
prep.=preposition.
prob.=probably.
pron.=pronoun.
prop.=properly.
prov.=a proverb.
Prov.=Proverbs, Book of.
Ps.=Psalms, Book of.
q. v.=quod vide.
r.=root or radix.
R.=Rab, Rabbi or Rabbenu.
R. Hash.=Rosh hash-Shanah (Talmud).
R. S.=Rabbenu Shimshon (commentary to Mishnah).
Rabb. D. S.=Rabbinowicz Diḳduḳé Sof'rim (Variæ Lectiones &c., Munich 1867-84).
Rap.=Rapaport, ʿErekh Millin (Talmudic Cyclopedia, first and only volume).
ref.=referring, reference.
Ruth R.=Ruth Babbah (Midrash Rabbah to Ruth).
S.=Sophocles, Greek Lexicon of the Roman and Byzantine Periods, Boston 1870.
s.=section (Parashah).
s. v.=sub voce.
Sabb.=Sabbath (Talmud).
Sam.=Samuel, Book of.
Schr.=Schrader, v. KAT.
Sef. Yets=Sefer Y'tsirah (Book of Creation, a Cabalistic work).
Shebi.=Sh'biith (Mishnah, Tosefta, and Y'rushalmi).
Shebu.=Sh'buoth (Talmud).
Shek.=Sh'ḳalim (Mishnah, Tosefta and Y'rushalmi, also a pericope in P'siḳta).
Sm. Ant.=Smith, Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, Third American Edition, New-York 1858.
S'maḥ.=S'maḥoth, Treatise (Abel Rabbathi).
Snh.=Sanhedrin (Talmud).
Sonc.=Soncino.
Sot.=Soṭah (Talmud).
sub.=subaudi.
Succ.=Succah (Talmud).
suppl.=supplement(Hosafah)to Pesikta Rabbathi.
Taan.=Taʿănith (Talmud).
Talm.=Talmud.
Tam.=Tamid (Talmud).
Tanḥ.=Midrash Tanḥuma.
„ ed. Bub.=Midrash Tanḥuma (enlarged), edited, from manuscripts, by Buber, Wilna 1885.
Targ.=Targum.
„O.=Targum Onkelos.
„Y.=„Y'rushalmi (or Jonathan).
Targ. II=Targum Sheni (to Esther).
Tem.=T'murah (Talmud).
Ter.=T'rumoth (Mishnah, Tosefta and Y'rushalmi).
Toh.=Tohăroth (Mishnah and Tosefta).
Tosaf.=Tosafoth (Additamenta to Talmud Babli).
Tosef.=Tosefta.
„ed. Zuck.=Tosefta editio Zuckermandel, Pasewalk 1881.
Treat.=Treatise(tractatus, Massekheth, one of the appendices to Talmud Babli).
Trnsf.=Transferred.
trnsp.=transposed or transposition.
Ukts.ʿUḳtsin (Mishnah and Tosefta).
usu.=usually.
Var.=Variant.
var. lect.=variatio lectionis.
Ven.=Venice.
vers.=version.
Vien.=Vienna.
Wil.=Wilna.
ws.=words.
Y.=Y'rushalmi (Palestinean Talmud).
Yad.=Yadayim (Mishnah and Tosefta).
Yalk.=Yalḳut (Collectanea from Talmudim, Midrashim &c.).
Yeb.=Y'bamoth (Talmud).
Y'lamd.=Y'lamdenu (a lost book, corresponding to Tanḥuma, quoted in Arukh).
Zab.=Zabim (Mishnah and Tosefta).
Zakh.=Zakhor (a pericope in P'siḳta).
Zeb.=Z'baḥim (Talmud).
Zech.=Zechariah, Book of.
Zeph.=Zephaniah, Book of.
Zuck.=Zuckermandel, v. Tosef.
Zuckerm.=Zuckermann Talmudische Münzen und Gewichte, Breslau 1862.
By the designation (Talmud) are meant Mishnah, Tosefta and G'mara of Talmud Babli and, eventually, Talmud Y'rushalmi. By (Mishnah and Tosefta) or (Mishnah, Tosefta, and Y'rushalmi) is meant a Talmudic treatise in the collection of Mishnah &c., to which no discussions in either G'mara or respectively in the Babylonian are extant.
