3 sq.; 2 Chr. xxxvi. 14; Ezra x. 5; Neh. xii. 7; nor in Joseph. antt. 7, 14, 7) are they called ἀρχιερεῖς; that the nearest approximations to this term are periphrases such as ἄρχοντες τῶν ἱερέων, Neh. xii. 7, or φύλαρχοι τῶν ἱερέων, Esra apocr. (1 Esdr.) viii. 92 (94); Joseph. antt. 11, 5, 4; and that the word ἀρχιερεῖς was restricted in its application to those who actually held, or had held, the high-priestly office, together with the members of the few prominent families from which the high-priests still continued to be selected, cf. Acts iv. 6; Joseph. b. j. 4, 3, 6.) 3. In the Ep. to the Heb. Christ is called ‘high-priest,’ because by undergoing a bloody death he offered himself as an expiatory sacrifice to God, and has entered the heavenly sanctuary where he continually intercedes on our behalf: ii. 17; iii. 1; iv. 14; v. 10; vi. 20; vii. 26; viii. 1; ix. 11; cf. Winzer, De sacerdotis officio, quod Christo tribuitur in Ep. ad Hebr. (three Programs), Leips. 1825 sq.; Riehm, Lehrbegriff des Hebräerbriefes, ii. pp. 431-488. In Grk. writ. the word is used by Hdt. 2, [(37), 142,] 143 and 151; Plat. legg. 12 p. 947 a.; Polyb. 23, 1, 2; 32, 22, 5; Plut. Numa c. 9, al.; [often in Inscrr.]; once (viz. Lev. iv. 3) in the Sept., where ἱερεὺς μέγας is usual, in the O. T. Apocr. 1 Esdr. v. 40; ix. 40, and often in the bks. of Macc.
ἀρχι-ποίμην, ενος [so L Τ Tr WH KC (after Mss.), but Grsb. al. -μήν, -μένος; cf. Lob. Paralip. p 195 sq.; Steph. Thesaur. s. v.; Chandler § 580], ὁ, a bibl. word [Test. xii. Patr. test. Jud. § 8], chief shepherd: of Christ the head of the church, 1 Pet. v. 4; see ποιμήν, b.*
Ἄρχιππος [Chandler § 308], -ου, ὁ, [i. e. master of the horse], Archippus, a certain Christian at Colossæ: Col. iv. 17; Philem. 2. [Cf. B. D. s. v.; Bp. Lghtft. on Col. and Philem. p. 308 sq.]*
ἀρχισυνάγωγος, -ου, ὁ, (συναγωγή), ruler of a synagogue, רֹאשׁ הַכְּנֶסֶת: Mk. v. 22, 35 sq. 38; Lk. viii. 49; xiii. 14; Acts xiii. 15; xviii. 8, 17. It was his duty to select the readers or teachers in the synagogue, to examine the discourses of the public speakers, and to see that all things were done with decency and in accordance with ancestral usage; [cf. Alex.’s Kitto s. v. Synagogue]. (Not found in prof. writ.; [yet Schürer (Theol. Literatur-Zeit., 1878, p. 5) refers to Corp. Inscrr. Graec. no 2007 f. (Addenda ii. p. 994), no. 2221c (ii. p. 1031), nos. 9894, 9906; Mommsen, Inscrr. Regni Neap. no. 3657; Garrucci, Cimitero degli antichi Ebrei, p. 67; Lampridius, Vita Alexandr. Sever. c. 28; Vopiscus, Vit. Saturnin. c. 8; Codex Theodos. xvi. 8, 4, 13, 14; also Acta Pilat. in Tdf.’s Ev. Apocr. ed. 2, pp. 221, 270, 275, 284; Justin. dial. c. Tryph. c. 137; Epiph. haer. 30, 18; Euseb. h. e. 7, 10, 4; see fully in his Gemeindeverfassung der Juden in Rom in d. Kaiserzeit nach d. Inschriften dargestellt (Leips. 1879), p. 25 sq.].)*
ἀρχι-τέκτων, -ονος, ὁ, (τέκτων, q. ν.), a master-builder, architect, the superintendent in the erection of buildings: 1 Co. iii. 10. (Hdt., Xen., Plat. and subseq. writ.; Is. iii. 3; Sir. xxxviii. 27; 2 Macc. ii. 29.)*
ἀρχι-τελώνης, -ου, ὁ, a chief of the tax-collectors, chief publican: Lk. xix. 2. [See τελώνης.]*
ἀρχι-τρίκλινος, -ου, ὁ, (τρίκλινον [or -νος (sc. οἶκος), a room with three couches]), the superintendent of a dining-room, a τρικλινιάρχης, table-master: Jn. ii. 8 sq. [cf. B. D. s. v. Governor]. It differs from “the master of a feast,” συμποσιάρχης, toast-master, who was one of the guests selected by lot to prescribe to the rest the mode of drinking; cf. Sir. xxxv. (xxxii.) 1. But it was the duty of the ἀρχιτρίκλινος to place in order the tables and couches, arrange the courses, taste the food and wine beforehand, etc. (Heliod. 7, 27.) [Some regard the distinction between the two words as obliterated in later Grk.; cf. Soph. Lex. s. v., and Schaff’s Lange’s Com. on Jn. l. c.]*
ἄρχομαι, see ἄρχω.
ἄρχω; [fr. Hom. down]; to be first. 1. to be the first to do (anything), to begin,—a sense not found in the Grk. Bible. 2. to be chief, leader, ruler: τινός [Β. 169 (147), Mk. x. 42; Ro. xv. 12 (fr. Is. xi. 10). See ἄρχων. Mid., pres. ἄρχομαι; fut. ἄρξομαι (once [twice], Lk. xiii. 26 [but not Tr mrg. WH mrg.; xxiii. 30]); 1 aor. ἠρξάμην το begin, make a beginning: ἀπό τινος, Acts x. 37 [B. 79 (69); cf. Matth. § 558]; 1 Pet. iv. 17; by brachylogy ἀρξάμενος ἀπό τινος ἕως τινός for, having begun from some person or thing (and continued or continuing) to some person or thing: Mt. xx. 8; Jn. viii. 9 [i. e. Rec.]; Acts i. 22; cf. W. § 66, 1 c.; [B. 374 (320)]; ἀρξάμενον is used impers. and absol. a beginning being made, Lk. xxiv. 27 (so in Hdt. 3, 91; cf. W. 624 (580); [B. 374 sq. (321)]); carelessly, ἀρξάμενος ἀπὸ Μωυσέως καὶ ἀπὸ πάντων προφητῶν διηρμήνευεν for, beginning from Moses he went through all the prophets, Lk. xxiv. 27; W. § 67, 2; [B. 374 (320 sq.)]. ὧν ἤρξατο ποιεῖν τε καὶ διδάσκειν, ἄχρι ἧς ἡμέρας which he began and continued both to do and to teach, until etc., Acts i. 1 [W. § 66, 1 c.; B. u. s.]. Ἄρχομαι is connected with an inf. and that so often, esp. in the historical books, that formerly most interpreters thought it constituted a periphrasis for the finite form of the verb standing in the inf, as ἤρξατο κηρύσσειν for ἐκήρυξε. But through the influence principally of Fritzsche (on Mt. p. 539 sq.), cf. W. § 65, 7 d., it is now conceded that the theory of a periphrasis of this kind was a rash assumption, and that there is scarcely an example which cannot be reduced to one of the following classes: a. the idea of beginning has more or less weight or importance, so that it is brought out by a separate word: Mt. xi. 7 (the disciples of John having retired, Christ began to speak concerning John, which he did not do while they were present); Lk. iii. 8 (do not even begin to say; make not even an attempt to excuse yourselves); Lk. xv. 14 (the beginning of want followed hard upon the squandering of his goods); Lk. xxi. 28; 2 Co. iii. 1; esp. when the beginning of an action is contrasted with its continuance or its repetition, Mk. vi. 7; viii. 31 (cf. ix. 31; x. 33 sq.); or with the end of it, Lk. xiv. 30 (opp. to ἐκτελέσαι); Jn. xiii. 5 (cf. 12). b. ἄρχ. denotes something as begun by some one, others following: Acts xxvii. 35 sq. [W. § 65, 7 d.]. c. ἄρχ. indicates that a thing was but just begun when it was interrupted by something else: Mt. xii. 1 (they had begun to pluck ears of corn,
