ix. 17; Mk. ii. 22; Lk. v. 37. 2. to destroy i.e. to lose; a. prop.: Mt. x. 42; Mk. ix. 41 (τὸν μισθὸν αὐτοῦ); Lk. xν. 4, 8, 9; ix. 25; xvii. 33; Jn. xii. 25; 2 Jn. 8, etc. b. metaph. Christ is said to lose any one of his followers (whom the Father has drawn to discipleship) if such a one becomes wicked and fails of salvation: Jn. vi. 39, cf. xviii. 9. Mid. to be lost: θρὶξ ἐκ τῆς κεφαλῆς, Lk. xxi. 18; θ. ἀπὸ τῆς κεφαλῆς, Acts xxvii. 34 (Rec. πεσεῖται) τὰ λαμπρὰ ἀπώλετο ἀπό σου, Rev. xviii. 14 (Rec. ἀπῆλθε). Used of sheep, straying from the flock: prop. Lk. xv. 4 (τὸ ἀπολωλός, in Mt. xviii. 12 τὸ πλανώμενον). Metaph. in accordance with the O. T. comparison of the people of Israel to a flock (Jer. xxvii. (l.) 6; Ezek. xxxiv. 4, 16), the Jews, neglected by their religious teachers, left to themselves and thereby in danger of losing eternal salvation, wandering about as it were without guidance, are called τὰ πρόβατα τὰ ἀπολωλότα τοῦ οἴκου Ἰσραήλ: Mt. x. 6; xv. 24, (Is. liii. 6; 1 Pet. ii. 25); and Christ, reclaiming them from wickedness, is likened to a shepherd and is said ζητεῖν καὶ σώζειν τὸ ἀπολωλός: Lk. xix. 10; Mt. xviii. 11 Rec. [Comp.: συν-απόλλυμι.]
Ἀπολλύων, -οντος, ὁ, (ptcp. fr. ἀπολλύω), Apollyon (a prop. name, formed by the author of the Apocalypse), i. e. Destroyer: Rev. ix. 11; cf. Ἀβάδδων, [and B. D. s. v.]*
Ἀπολλωνία, -ας, ἡ, Apollonia, a maritime city of Macedonia, about a day’s journey [acc. to the Antonine Itinerary 32 Roman miles] from Amphipolis, through which Paul passed on his way to Thessalonica [36 miles further]: Acts xvii. 1. [See B. D. s. v.]*
Ἀπολλώς [acc. to some, contr. fr. Ἀπολλώνιος, W. 102 (97); acc. to others, the o is lengthened, cf. Fick, Griech. Personennamen, p. xxi.], gen. -ώ (cf. B. 20 (18) sq.; [W. 62 (61)]), accus. -ώ (Acts xix. 1) and -ών (1 Co. iv. 6 T Tr WH; Tit. iii. 13 T WH; cf. [WH. App. p. 157]; Kühner i. p. 315), ὁ, Apollos, an Alexandrian Jew who became a Christian and a teacher of Christianity, attached to the apostle Paul: Acts xviii. 24; xix. 1; 1 Co. i. 12; iii. 4 sqq. 22; iv. 6; xvi. 12; Tit. iii. 13.*
ἀπολογέομαι, -οῦμαι; impf. ἀπελογούμην (Acts xxvi. 1); 1 aor. ἀπελογησάμην; 1 aor. pass. inf. ἀπολογηθῆναι, in a reflex. sense (Lk. xxi. 14); a depon. mid. verb (fr. λόγος), prop. to speak so as to absolve (ἀπό) one’s self, talk one’s self off of a charge etc. 1. to defend one’s self, make one’s defence: absol., Lk. xxi. 14; Acts xxvi. 1; foll. by ὅτι, Acts xxv. 8; τί, to bring forward something in defence of one’s self, Lk. xii. 11; Acts xxvi. 24, (often so in Grk. writ. also); τὰ περὶ ἐμαυτοῦ ἀπ. either I bring forward what contributes to my defence [?], or I plead my own cause [R. V. make my defence], Acts xxiv. 10; περί with gen. of the thing and ἐπί with gen. of pers., concerning a thing before one’s tribunal, Acts xxvi. 2; with dat. of the person whom by my defence I strive to convince that I am innocent or upright, to defend or justify myself in one’s eyes [A. V. unto], Acts xix. 33; 2 Co. xii. 19, (Plat. Prot. p. 359 a.; often in Lcian., Plut.; [cf. B. 172 (149)]). 2. to defend a person or a thing (so not infreq. in prof. auth.): Ro. ii. 15 (where acc. to the context the deeds of men must be understood as defended); τὰ περὶ ἐμοῦ, Acts xxvi. 2 (but see under 1).*
ἀπολογία, -ας, ἡ, (See ἀπολογέομαι), verbal defence, speech in defence: Acts xxv. 16; 2 Co. vii. 11; Phil. i. 7, 17 (16); 2 Tim. iv. 16; with a dat. of the pers. who is to hear the defence, to whom one labors to excuse or to make good his cause: 1 Co. ix. 3; 1 Pet. iii. 15; in the same sense ἡ ἀπολ. ἡ πρός τινα, Acts xxii. 1, (Xen. mem. 4, 8, 5).*
ἀπο-λούω: to wash off or away; in the N. Τ. twice in 1 aor. mid. figuratively [cf. Philo de mut. nom. § 6, i. p. 585 ed. Mang.]: ἀπελούσασθε, 1 Co. vi. 11; βάπτισαι καὶ ἀπόλουσαι τὰς ἁμαρτίας σου, Acts xxii. 16. For the sinner is unclean, polluted as it were by the filth of his sins. Whoever obtains remission of sins has his sins put, so to speak, out of God’s sight,—is cleansed from them in the sight of God. Remission is [represented as] obtained by undergoing baptism; hence those who have gone down into the baptismal bath [lavacrum, cf. Tit. iii. 5; Eph. v. 26] are said ἀπολούσασθαι to have washed themselves, or τὰς ἅμαρτ. ἀπολούσασθαι to have washed away their sins, i. e. to have been cleansed from their sins.*
ἀπο-λύτρωσις, -εως, ἡ, (fr. ἀπολυτρόω signifying a. to redeem one by paying the price, cf. λύτρον: Plut. Pomp. 24; Sept. Ex. xxi. 8; Zeph. iii. 1; b. to let one go free on receiving the price: Plat. legg. 11 p. 919 a.; Polyb. 22, 21, 8; [cf.] Diod. 13, 24), a releasing effected by payment of ransom; redemption, deliverance, liberation procured by the payment of a ransom; 1. prop.: πόλεων αἰχμαλώτων, Plut. Pomp. 24 (the only pass. in prof. writ. where the word has as yet been noted; [add, Joseph. antt. 12, 2, 3; Diod. frag. l. xxxvii. 5, 3 p. 149, 6 Dind.; Philo, quod omn. prob. lib. § 17]). 2. everywhere in the N. T. metaph., viz. deliverance effected through the death of Christ from the retributive wrath of a holy God and the merited penalty of sin: Ro. iii. 24; Eph. i. 7; Col. i. 14, (cf. ἐξαγοράζω, ἀγοράζω, λυτρόω, etc. [and Trench § lxxvii.]); ἀπολύτρ. τῶν παραβάσεων deliverance from the penalty of transgressions, effected through their expiation, Heb. ix. 15, (cf. Delitzsch ad loc. and Fritzsche on Rom. vol. ii. p. 178); ἡμέρα ἀπολυτρώσεως, the last day, when consummate liberation is experienced from the sin still lingering even in the regenerate, and from all the ills and troubles of this life, Eph. iv. 30; in the same sense the word is apparently to be taken in 1 Co. i. 30 (where Christ himself is said to be redemption, i. e. the author of redemption, the one without whom we could have none), and is to be taken in the phrase ἀπολύτρ. τῆς περιποιήσεως, Eph. i. 14, the redemption which will come to his possession, or to the men who are God’s own through Christ, (cf. Meyer ad loc.); τοῦ σώματος, deliverance of the body from frailty and mortality, Ro. viii. 23 [W. 187 (176)]; deliverance from the hatred and persecutions of enemies by the return of Christ from heaven, Lk. xxi. 28, cf. xviii. 7 sq.; deliverance or release from torture, Heb. xi. 35.*
ἀπο-λύω; [impf. ἀπέλυον]; fut. ἀπολύσω; 1 aor. ἀπέλυσα; Pass., pf. ἀπολέλυμαι; 1 aor. ἀπελύθην; [fut. ἀπο-
