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Ade

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Ahn

aþ (by gradation ôþ) is wanting; to it belong OHG. uodil, n., ‘patrimony, home’ (ModHG. Ulrich, from OHG. Uodalrîch or Uhland, from Uodal-lant), OSax. ôðil, AS. éðel, m., ‘patrimony, home.’ Hence the fundamental idea of the Teut. root aþ, by gradation ôþ (from Aryan ăt), seems to be ‘by transmission, inheritance.’ The aristocratic tinge evinced by the West Teut. cognates is not remarkable when we consider the early period; only the patrician had a ‘family’; genealogies of nobles (in old documents) reach back to the OTeut. period; the names beginning with Adel are primitive, Alfons, influenced by Rom. from OHG. Adalfuns, Adalheid, Adalberaht, Adolf, from Atha-ulf; also the deriv. OHG. Adalung. See too Adler, edel.

Ader, f., ‘vein,’ from MidHG. âder, OHG. âdara, f., ‘vein, sinew,’ corresponding to MidLG. ader, ‘vein, sinew,’ Du. ader, AS. œ̂dre, f., ‘vein’ (rarely êðr), OSw. aþra, ModSw. ådra; also without the deriv. r, OIc. œ̂ðr (the r is simply a nomin. suffix), f., ‘vein;’ the Goth. cognate êþ is not found. The pre-Teut. êt- has been connected with Gr. ἥτορ, ‘heart,’ ἦτρον, ‘abdomen,’ and here it must be recollected that MidHG. and MidLG. âder in the plur. may signify ‘bowels.’

Adler, m., ‘eagle,’ from MidHG. adel-ar (also adel-arn), m.; prop, a compound, ‘noble bird of prey.’ It is noteworthy that Aar in ModHG. is the nobler term, while Adler serves as the name for the species without any consciousness of its origin from Adel and Aar. OHG. *adal-aro appears by chance not to be recorded. Corresponds to Du. adelaar (besides arend).

äfern, vb., ‘to repeat,’ an UpG. word; MidHG. œferen, OHG. afarôn. See under aber.

-aff, suffix used to form names of rivers (Erlaff, OHG. Eril-affa, Aschaff, OHG. Asc-affa), and of places (esp. in Franc. and Hess., comp. Honeff), allied to which -ep, p (also Westph.), occurs as an unchanged LG. form, e.g. in Lennep. The base *apa is Kelt. (equiv. to Lat. aqua, ‘water,’ Goth. ahwa, ‘river’).

Affe, m., ‘ape, monkey,’ from the equiv. MidHG. affe, OHG. affo, m.; also in OHG. the feminine forms affa, affin, affinna, ‘female ape.’ A word common to the Teut. group, unrecorded by chance in Goth. alone, in which, by inference from OIc. ape, AS. apa, E. ape (whence Ir. and Gael.

apa), Du. aap, the form must have been *apa. Facts and not linguistic reasons lead to the conclusion that apan- is a primitive loanword with which ORuss. opica, OBoh. opice, is connected, and through commercial intercourse reached the Teutons by some unknown route. On account of the assonance it is very often referred, without sufficient reason, to Sans. kapi (Gr. κῆπος), ‘ape’; at all events, it is certain that no word for Affe common to the Aryan, or even to the West Aryan, group does exist.

Affolter, m., ‘apple-tree.’ See Apfel.

After, m., ‘buttocks, backside,’ from MidHG. after, OHG. aftaro, m., ‘fundament, anus’; lit. ‘the back part,’ from MidHG. after, OHG. aftar, adj., ‘behind, following’; akin to Goth. aftana, ‘from behind,’ AS. after, E. after (LG. and Du. achter), Goth. aftra, ‘back, again.’ It is certainly allied to Goth. afar, ‘behind,’ and the cognates discussed under aber. — After- in compounds is lit. ‘after,’ whence the idea of ‘counterfeit, baseness’; comp. MidHG. aftersprâche, ‘slander, backbiting,’ afterwort, ‘calumny’; the older meaning, ‘after, behind,’ is preserved in ModHG. Aftermiete, -muse, -rede. Note too Suab. (even in the MidHG. period) aftermontag for ‘Tuesday.’

Aglei, f., from the equiv. MidHG. agleie, OHG. ageleia, f., ‘columbine,’ which is derived from Lat. aquilegia, whence too the equiv. Fr. ancolie, Du. akelei.

Ahle, f., from the equiv. MidHG. âle, OHG. âla, f., ‘cobbler’s awl.’ To this is allied the equiv. OHG. deriv. ălunsa, ălansa, f., (with the same suffix as Sense); prop. alesna (Swiss alesne, alsne), whence the Rom. cognates — Span. alesna, Ital. lesina, Fr. alêne, ‘awl,’ are borrowed; comp. Du. els, ‘awl’ (from *alisna), AS. œ̂l (in the Orkneys alison), OIc. alr, ‘awl.’ The consonance with Sans. ãrâ, f., ‘punch, awl,’ points to an OAryan word; there existed also a widely ramified Aryan root to designate articles of leather. See Saum and Säule.

ahmen, vb., in nachahmen, which is wanting in MidHG. and OHG.; from the equiv. MidHG. âmen, ‘to measure a cask, gauge,’ figuratively ‘to estimate,’ from MidHG. and MidLG. âme, ‘ohm’ (cask = about 40 galls.). See Ohm.

Ahn, m., ‘grandfather, ancestor,’ from MidHG. ane (collateral modified form ene), OHG. ano, m., ‘grandfather’; akin to the