Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/27

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Alem. dimin. Ähni, ‘grandfather.’ Further ModHG. Ahne, MidHG. ane, OHG. ana, f., ‘grandmother.’ To these are allied ModHG. Urahn, MidHG. urane, urene, OHG. *urano, m., great-grandfather'; in OHG. alt-ano, altar-ano (for the force of ur- in Urahne see ur-). The class is peculiar to G., being foreign to the remaining Teut. dialects; comp. also Enkel — really a dimin. form — which belongs to it. There is no doubt that Lat. ănus, ‘old woman,’ is a primit. cognate. Perhaps the Teut. masculine name OHG. Anelo (AS. Onela, OIc. Ále) is allied to it.

ahnden, vb., ‘to punish,’ from MidHG. anden, OHG. antôn, anadôn, ‘to punish, censure,’ allied to OHG. anto, anado, m , ‘insult, embittered feeling, anger.’ It corresponds to OSax. ando, ‘exasperation, anger,’ AS. anda, oneþa, ‘zeal, vexation, hatred,’ whence andian, ‘to be angry’; moreover, Goth. preserves in uz-anan, ‘to die,’ the root an, ‘to breathe, respire, snort,’ which appears in these words. Comp. OIc. ande, m., ‘breath, spirit,’ ǫnd, f., ‘breath, soul'; and also AS. êðian, ‘to breathe' (implying Goth. *anþjôn), AS. oruþ, ‘breath' (Goth. *uzanþ), orþian, ‘to breathe,’ OIc. ørendi, ‘breathlessness.’ The root an, preserved in all the cognates, is OAryan, and means ‘to breathe’; comp. Lat. animus, anima, Gr. ἄνεμος, connected with the Aryan root an, ‘to breathe, respire.' —

ahnden, vb., ‘to forebode’; see ahnen.

Ahne, f., ‘boon’ (of flax or hemp), from MidHG. âne, older agene, f., ‘chaff'; OHG. agana, f., ‘chaff;’ also AS. *agon, œgne, MidE. awene, E. awns, Goth. ahana, OIc. ǫgn, ‘chaff.’ In these cognates two really different roots seem to have been blended in various ways; the meaning ‘chaff' would be applicable to the one, just as the exact Gr. corresponding ἄχνη, ‘chaff, foam’ (of the sea), likewise points to Aryan aghnâ (comp. besides Gr. ἄχυρον, ‘chaff’). The other is perhaps lit. ‘prickle, awn,’ and belongs to the root ah (Aryan ak); see Ähre.

ahnen, vb., ‘to forebode, suspect,’ from MidHG. anen, ‘to foresee, forebode,’ foreign to the older period and to the rest of the Teut. dialects; it has been connected with the OAryan root an, ‘to breathe, respire,’ so that it may be a primit. cognate of ahnden, under the influence of which it also appears in ModHG. as ahnden. It is better, however, to regard it as a derivative of

the prep. an; allied, lit. ‘to befall, seize, attack' (properly said of ghosts or visions).

ähnlich, adj., from the equiv. MidHG. ánelîch, OHG. ánagilîh (*ánalîh), adj., ‘similar.’ It corresponds to Goth. ánaleikô, adv., ‘similarly’; from the OTeut. (Goth.) prep. ana (see an) and the suffix lich; see gleich

Ahorn, m.. ‘maple,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. âhorn, m., the â of which is inferred from the Swiss dial.; comp. Du. ahorn. It is primit. allied to Lat. ăcer, n., ‘maple' (Gr. ἄκαστος) and Gr. ἀκαταλίς ‘juniper berry.’ The G. word, at all events, cannot be regarded as borrowed from Lat. For another old name see under Maßholder.

Ähre, f., ‘ear’ (of corn), from the plur. of MidHG. eher, OHG. ehir, ahir, n., ‘ear’ (of corn); corresponds to Du. aar, AS. eár (from *eahor), E. ear. As the derivative r stands for an older s, Goth. ahs, n. (gen. ahsis) and OIc. ax (also Sw. and Dan.), ‘ear' (of corn), are identical with it; so, too, OHG. ah, ‘ear’ (of corn). Comp. besides OHG. ahii, ModHG. Achel, ‘prickle, spike’ (of corn), (with regard to the ch, comp. Bav. Echer, ‘ear of corn,’ AS. and Northumb. œhher), AS. egle, ‘spikes' (of corn), E. ails, eils ‘beard of wheat or barley,’ LG. (in Brockes) Eide, ‘spike’ (of corn), Goth. *agiþ? Comp. also Ahne. The Teut. root ah, which consequently, specially means ‘spike, ear' (of corn), agrees with Lat. acus (gen. aceris), n., ‘corn-prickle.’ It may be said generally that a root ah, with the primary meaning ‘pointed,’ is very widely developed in the Aryan group; comp. Gr. ἄκανος, ‘a kind of thistle,’ ἄκαινα, ‘goad,’ ἄκων, ‘javelin,’ ἄκρος, ‘at the point,’ Lat. acus, aculeus, acies (see Ecke).

Ähren, m., ‘vestibule’ (dial.), from MidHG. ęrn, m., ‘floor, threshing-floor,’ also ‘ground, bottom,’ OHG. ęrin, m. (Goth. *arins), to which OIc. arenn, m., ‘hearth,’ corresponds. Further, OHG. ëro, OIc. jǫrve, ‘earth,’ as well as Lat. area, ‘courtyard, threshing-floor,’ Lat. arvum, ‘plain, cornfield,’ and Gr. ἔραζε, ‘to the ground,’ may be cognate.

aichen, see eichen.

Ahlei, see Aglei.

Alabaster, m., ‘alabaster,’ from MidHG. alabaster (Goth. alabastraun), from Lat-Gr. alabastrum.

Alant (1.), m., ‘chub’ (a fish), from the equiv. MidHG. alant, OHG. alant, alunt, m., corresponds to OSax. alund; allied to