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rather to be regarded as a genuine Teut. derivative from the root ang appearing in enge, especially as the OSlov. in its primit. allied ązostî, ‘contraction,’ shows the same derivation. Hence Angst must be considered as primit. cognate with Lat. angustiae. See bange and enge.

anbeischig, adj., from the equiv. MidHG. antheiȥec, antheiȥe. adj., ‘bound, engaged,’ influenced by hetschen; the MidHG. adj. is derived from MidHG. and OHG. an-theiȥ, ‘vow, promise,’ which, like Goth. andahait ‘confession,’ AS. ondettan, ‘to confess,’ is compound of the particle ant- and the root hait, ‘to bid.’

Anis, m., from the equiv. MidHG. anîs, also enis, n., ‘anise,’ borrowed perhaps even before the MidHG. period from Lat. anîsum (Gr. ἄνϊσον), ‘anise,’ whence also Fr. anis, E. anise.

Anke, m. ‘butter,’ an Alem. word, from MidHG. anke, OHG. ancho, ‘butter’; the genuine G. term for the borrowed word Butter, for which, in the OHG. period, anc-smëro or chuo-smëro, lit. ‘cow-fat’ (see Schmeer), might also be used. Goth. *agqa for OHG. ancho is not recorded. It is certainly allied primitively to the Ind. root añj, ‘to anoint, besmear,’ and to Lat. unguo, ‘to anoint’; comp. Sans. âjya ‘butter-offering,’ OIr. imb (from imben-), ‘butter.’

Anker (1.), m., ‘anchor,’ from the equiv. MidHG. anker, late OHG. anchar, m.; corresponding to Du. anker, AS. (even at a very early period) oncor, E. anchor, OIc. akkere, ‘anchor.’ A loan-word early naturalised among the English, and before 1000 A. D. even among the MidEurop. Teutons and in the North. From Lat. ancora (comp. Ital. ancora, Fr. ancre, f.; allied also to Lith. inkaras, OSlov. anŭkura, ankura), in connection with which the different gender of the Teut. words is remarkable. In OHG. there exists a genuinely native word for ‘anchor’ — senchil, m., sinchila, f.

Anker (2.), m., ‘a liquid measure,’ ModHG. only, from Du. anker, which, like the equiv. E. anchor, points to MidLat. anceria, ancheria, ‘cupa minor’ (smaller cask); the origin of the cognates is obscure.

Anlehen, n., ‘loan,’ from MidHG. an-lêhen, OHG. analêhan, n., ‘loan of money on interest,’ from an- and Lehen.

anrüchig, adj., also anrüchtig, ‘disreputable,’ ModHG. only, formed from ruchbar under the influence of riechen. See ruchtbar.

Anstalt, f. ‘institution,’ from MidHG.

anstalt, ‘founding’; -stalt is an abstract from stellen.

anstatt, see Statt.

ant-, prefix, preserved in ModHG. only in Ant-litz and Ant-wort (see also Amt, anheischig, and Handwerk). It is found in the early periods in many noun compounds, to which ModHG. ent-; is the corresponding prefix of verbal compounds. Comp. MidHG. and OHG. ant-, Goth. anda-, AS. and-, ond- (comp. E. answer under Antwort); also the Goth. prep, and, ‘on, upon, in, along.’ The orig. meaning of the prefix is ‘counter,’ which makes it cognate with Gr. ἀντί ‘against,’ Lat. ante, ‘before,’ Sans. ánti, ‘opposite.’

Antlitz, n., from the equiv. MidHG. antlitze, n., late OHG. antlizzi, n., ‘countenance’; allied to the equiv. collateral forms MidHG. antlütte, OHG. antlutti (analûti), n., ‘countenance.’ Two originally different words have been combined in these forms. It is probable that OHG. and MidHG. antliȥ corresponds to AS. and-wlita, m., OIc. andlit, n. (comp. Goth. anda-wleizn, n.); comp. Goth. wlits, m. ‘face,’ wlaitôn, OIc. líta (for *vlíta), ‘to spy’; the root wlī̆t (pre-Teut. wlī̆d), preserved in these words, has not yet been authenticated beyond the Teut. group. With these cognates were combined those from Goth. ludja, ‘face,’ parallel to which an equiv. *anda-lū̆di, for OHG. antlū̆tti, n. ‘countenance,’ must be assumed.

Antwort, f., from the equiv. MidHG. antwurt, f., OHG. atwurti, f., ‘answer,’ beside which there is a neut. form MidHG. antwürte, OHG. antwurti, Goth. ándawaurdi; lit. ‘counter-words’ (collective). Comp. ant-; also, AS. andswaru, E. answer, under schwören.

Apfel, n., ‘apple,’ from the equiv. MidHG. apfel, OHG. apful (also afful, plur. epfili), m.; a word common to the Teut. group, by chance not recorded in Goth. Comp. Du. and LG. appel, m., AS. œppel, m. (in the plur. neut.), E. apple, OIc. eple, n., ‘apple’ (Goth. *aplus, m.?). The apple-tree in West Teut. is *apuldr, f.; comp. OHG. affoltra, AS. apuldr, which are preserved in the local names ModHG. Affoltern, Affaltrach, (Apolda?), Du. Apeldoren, E. Appledore. In spite of this diffusion throughout the entire Teut. group, and of the mention of wild apple-trees in Tacitus, the whole class must be recognised as loan-words (Obst has no connection whatever with