Page:An Etymological Dictionary of the German Language.djvu/34

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MidHG. arm, OHG. aram, arm, m.; a word common to the Teut. group; comp. OSax. arm, Du. arm, AS. earm, E. arm, OIc. armr, Goth. arms, m., ‘arm.’ Like many terms for parts of the body (see Arsch, Fuß, Herz, Knie, Nagel, &c.), Arm extends beyond the Teut. dialects. It is. primit. related to Lat. armus, ‘the topmost part of the upper arm, fore-quarter’ (Gr. ἁρμός, ‘suture, joint, shoulder,’ belongs to another division), OBulg. ramę, ‘shoulder, arm,’ Sans. îrmá-s, m., ‘fore-quarter, arm.’ See Ermel.

arm, adj., ‘poor, unfortunate, miserable,’ from the equiv. MidHG. arm, OHG. aram, arm, adj.; comp. OSax. arm, Du. arm, AS. earm (obsolete in E.), OIc. armr, Goth. arms, adj., ‘poor.’ A term common to Teut. with no correspondence in the allied Aryan group; comp. barmherzig, arg, Reich). —

Armut, f., from the equiv. MidHG. armuot, f., armuote, n., ‘poverty,’ OHG. aramuotî, f.: a derivative of the Goth. adj. *armôþs; comp. Einöde, Heimat.

Armbrust, f., ‘crossbow,’ from the equiv. MidHG. armbrust, n., which must be a corruption of MidLat. arbalista, arcubalista, lit. ‘bow for projectiles’ (Lat. arcus, Gr. βἀλλευν). A compound of Arm and Brust is, properly speaking, impossible in G., especially as the MidHG. word is neut. From MidLat. arbalista comes the equiv. Fr. arbalète; comp. E. arbalist, Du. armborst, Ital. balestra, from the last of which the older ModHG. Balester, ‘cross-bow for shooting bullets,’ is borrowed.

Armel, see Ermel.

Armut, see arm.

Arnold, see Aar.

Arsch, m., ‘arse, fundament,’ according to the analogous cases cited under birschen, from an older Ars, MidHG. and OHG. ars, m., ‘arse.’ It corresponds to the equiv. MidLG. ars, ers, Du. aars, naars (with prefixed n), AS. ears, E. arse, OIc. ars (and rass, comp. argr and ragr, see arg), m., ‘arse.’ Teut. arsa-z, m., from órso-s, is rightly held to be primit. allied to Gr. δῥῥος (ρρ for rs), ‘coccyx, rump’; akin to OIr. err, f., ‘tail, end, point’?. Comp. the remark under Arm.

Art, f., ‘kind, sort, species, manner,’ from MidHG. art, m., f., ‘innate peculiarity, nature, condition, kind’; OHG. art, is not recorded with these meanings, nor is the word found elsewhere. Instead of this there occurs the homonymous OHG. art, f., ‘tillage, ploughing,’ with which artôn,

‘to inhabit, cultivate,’ is connected; further, OSax. ard, m., ‘dwelling-place,’ AS. eard, m., ‘dwelling, native place,’ OIc. ǫrð), f., ‘harvest, produce.’ These cognates, which belong (see Acker) to an OTeut. and Aryan root, ar, ‘to plough’ (Lat. arare, Gr. ἀρόω, &c.), are scarcely allied to MidHG. art, m., f., ‘nature, condition’; comp., however, Wohnung from gewöhnen. It is more probable that Art is connected with Lat. ars (gen. plur. arti-um), ‘method, art,’ and Sans. ṛtá, ‘method.’ The compounds Artacker, artbar, arthaft contain MidHG. and OHG. art, ‘agriculture, tillage,’ and belong consequently to the Teut. and Aryan root ar, ‘to plough.’

Arzenei, f. (in the 17th cent. accented on the A also), ‘medicine,’ from MidHG. arzenîe (erzonîe), f., ‘art of healing, remedy.’ The OHG. word does not occur, but only a derivative OHG. erzinen, giarzinôn, MidHG. erzenen, ‘to heal;’ the verb, by its suffix, suggests Goth. lêkinôn, AS. lœ̂cnian, OHG. lâhhinôn, ‘to heal.’ From OHG. gi-arzinôn, the MidHG. substant. arzenîe, which did not appear until a later period, might then have been formed with a Rom. termination. The assumption that MidHG. arzenîe referred to Archigenes of Apamea (in Syria), a famous physician, is untenable; if this assumption were correct, we should have expected OHG. *arzin, or rather *arzino, ‘physician,’ which, however, nowhere to be found. Besides, OHG. arzinôn formed into arzât, ‘physician,’ under the influence of the genuinely Teut. and Goth. lêkinôn, OHG. lâhhinôn, ‘to heal,’ makes any reference to Archigenes quite superfluous. Moreover, MidHG. has also a form arzatîe (MidDu. arsedîe), ‘medicine.’ See Arzt.

Arzt, m., ‘physician,’ from the equiv. MidHG. arzet, arzât, OHG. arzăt, m., a specifically Germ. word, unknown to Eng., Scand. and Goth. Its early appearance in OHG., in which OTeut. lâhhi was the more prevalent form, is remarkable (comp. Goth. lêkeis, ‘physician,’ AS. lœ̂ce, E. leech; also the ModHG. proper name Lachner, from MidHG. lâchenœre, ‘enchanter,’ lit. ‘physician’). The MidDu. form arsatre, OLG. ercetere, ‘physician’ (MidLG. arste), proves the origin from the oft-recurring Franc. and MidLat. archiater (άρχιατρός), ‘physician’ (espec. physician-in-ordinary to the king). There are no phonetic difficulties in con-