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Au, Aue, ‘river islet, wet meadow, fertile plan,’ from MidHG. ouwe, f., ‘water, stream, water-land, island, peninsula, meadow-land abounding in water, grassy plain’; OHG. ouwa, from old *aujô- (the presumed Goth. form, comp. OHG.-MidLat. augia). It corresponds to OIc. ey and AS. êg, îg, f., ‘island,’ to which AS. êglond, îglond, E. island, Du. eiland, ‘island,’ are allied; so too Lat. and Teut. Batavia, Scandinavia; Goth. *aujô- (for awjô-, awiâ-) has lost a g (comp. Niere). The theoretical form agwjô-, prop. an adj. used as a subst., ‘the watery place,’ as it were (hence ‘water-land,’ i.e., ‘island’ or ‘meadow’), belongs to Goth. ahwa, f., ‘river,’ which with Lat. aqua is based upon Aryan ákwâ. The names of places ending in a (e.g. Fulda) and ach (e.g. Urach) still preserve the OHG. aha equiv. to the Goth. ahwa. See -a and -ach.

auch, adv. and conj., ‘also, likewise,’ from MidHG. ouch, OHG. ouh, ‘and, also, but.’ It corresponds to OSax. ôk, Du. ook; OFries. âk, AS. eác, E. eke, OIc. auk, ‘besides,’ Dan. og, ‘and, also, but,’ Sw. och, Ic. ok; Goth. auk, ‘then, but’; an adv. common to Teut. Some refer this auk to the Teut. root auk (Aryan aug), ‘to increase,’ whence OHG. ouhhôn, ‘to add,’ OSax. òkian, AS. ŷcan, OIc. auka, Goth. aukan, ‘to increase,’ are derived (Lat. augere, aug-ustus, Sans. ugrás, ‘powerful,’ ôjas, ‘strength,’ are allied to them); comp. AS. tô-eácan, ‘moreover, also.’ Others trace Teut. auk to a compound of two Aryan particles, au and ge (Gr. αὖ, γε).

Aue, f., ‘ewe,’ dialectic, from MidHG. ouwe, OHG. ou, f., ‘sheep.’ Comp. AS. eowu, E. ewe; primit. allied to Lat. ovis, Gr. οἵς, Lith. avis (OSlov. ovĭca), ‘sheep.’ See Schaf.

Auer, in Auerochs, m., from the equiv. MidHG. ûr, ûr-ochse, OHG. ûr, ûrohso, m., ‘aurochs’; corresponds to AS. ûr, OIc. úrr, (u- stem). The fact that even Roman writers knew the Teut. term under the form ûrus points to *ûrus (not ûzus) as the Goth. form; comp. Teut. and Lat. glêsum, ‘amber,’ similar to AS. glœ̂re, ‘resin.’ Hence the proposed explanation of ûr from Sans. usrá-s, m., ‘bull,’ must be put aside. Internal evidence cannot be adduced to show that the OGerm. word is non-Teut.; the assertion of Macrobius that ûrus is Kelt. proves nothing. —

Auerhahn, m., even in MidHG. the equiv. ûrhan (and orhan), m., ‘blackcock,’ with ûrhuon

(orhuon), ‘grey hen,’ occurs. Auerhahn was evidently compared with Auerochs, the one appeared to be among the birds of the wood what the other was among animals of the chase.

auf, adv., prep., ‘up, upwards, on, upon,’ from MidHG. and OHG. ûf, adv., prep., ‘upon’; corresponds to OSax. ûp, AS. ûp-ū̆pp, and its equiv. E. up; Goth. iup, adv., ‘upwards, aloft,’ differs remarkably in its vowel. Probably primit. Teut. *ū̆ppa, ‘up,’ is allied to oben and über.

aufmutzen, see mutzen.

Aufruhr, see Ruhr.

aufwiegeln, see wiegeln.

Auge, n., ‘eye,’ from the equiv. MidHG. ouge, OHG. ouga, n.; a word common to Teut.; comp. Goth. augô, OIc. auga, AS. eáge, E. eye, Du. oog, OSax. ôga, ‘eye.’ While numerous terms for parts of the body (comp. Arm, Fuß, Herz, Kinn, Knie, Ohr, &c.) are common to Teut. with the other Aryan dialects, it has not yet been proved that there is any agreement with respect to Auge between Teut. and Lat., Gr., Ind., &c. Of course there is an undeniable similarity of sound between the Aryan base oq, ‘eye,’ and Lat. oculus, Gr. ὅσσε for *ὄκjε, ὀφθαλμός, ὦπα, &c., Sans. akši, OSlov. oko, Lith. akí-s, ‘eye.’ —

Augenlid, see Lid.

August, m., formed, after being based anew on Lat. and Rom. augustus, from the equiv. MidHG. ougest, ougeste, OHG. augusto, agusto, m., ‘August’ (the genuine OGerm. term is Erntemonat, OHG. aran-mânôt). Comp. Fr. août, Ital. agosto. It was borrowed in OHG. at the same time as März and Mai.

aus, adv. and prep., ‘out, forth, from, by reason of,’ from the equiv. MidHG. and OHG. ûȥ, adv., prep.; corresponds to Goth. ût, adv., ‘out (thither, hence),’ AS. ût, ‘out (thither, hence), out of doors, outside,’ E. out, Du. uit, prep., adv., ‘out,’ OSax. ût. Comp. außen, außer. The common Teut. ût (from ût-a?) is based upon Aryan ûd (ŭd); comp. Sans. ud, a verbal particle, ‘out, out (thither), aloft, upwards.’

Aussatz, m., from the equiv. late MidHG. ûȥ-satz, m., ‘leprosy’; a singular, late and regressive formation from the MidHG. subst. ûȥsetze and ûȥsetzel, ‘leper,’ MidHG. ûȥsetzig, adj., ‘leprous,’ OHG. ûȥ-sâzzo, ûȥ-sâzeo, m., ‘leper’; lit. ‘one who lives outside, separate’; those who were afflicted with leprosy were exposed. Considering